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The impact of childhood trauma exposure on social functioning in schizophrenia: the moderated mediation role of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2023

Kah Kheng Goh Open the ORCID record for Kah Kheng Goh [Opens in a new window] ,
Nobuhisa Kanahara ,
Yi-Hang Chiu  and
Mong-Liang Lu Open the ORCID record for Mong-Liang Lu [Opens in a new window]
Kah Kheng Goh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan The Innovative and Translational Research Center of Brain Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Nobuhisa Kanahara
Affiliation:
Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
Yi-Hang Chiu
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Mong-Liang Lu*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
*
Corresponding author: Mong-Liang Lu; Email: mongliang@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Background

Childhood trauma has been linked to increased risk of schizophrenia and social dysfunction, and oxytocin and its receptor gene have been implicated in regulating social behavior. This study investigated the potential role of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in mediating the effects of childhood trauma on social functioning in schizophrenia.

Methods

The study consisted of 382 patients with schizophrenia and 178 healthy controls who were assessed using the Taiwanese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), and plasma oxytocin levels. DNA was extracted to genotype the OXTR and ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs2254298, rs237885, rs237887, rs237899, rs53576, rs9840864, rs13316193, rs7632287, rs1042778, and rs237895) were selected.

Results

Patients with schizophrenia showed higher CTQ-SF scores (t = 12.549, p < 0.001), lower SFS scores (t = −46.951, p < 0.001), and lower plasma oxytocin levels (t = −5.448, p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. The study also found significant differences in OXTR SNPs between both groups, with risk alleles being more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia (t = 2.734, p = 0.006). Results indicated a significant moderated mediation effect, with oxytocin and the OXTR SNPs partially mediating the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia (index of mediation = 0.038, 95% CI [0.033–0.044]).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that oxytocin and its receptor gene may be promising targets for interventions aimed at improving social functioning in patients with a history of childhood trauma and schizophrenia. However, further research is needed to fully understand these effects and the potential of oxytocin-based interventions in this population.

Keywords

childhood traumaoxytocin receptor geneoxytocinschizophreniasocial functioning
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 54 , Issue 5 , April 2024 , pp. 980 - 992
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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