Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T12:19:57.870Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The impact of smoking status on cognition and brain morphology in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2021

Elysha Ringin ,
Vanessa Cropley ,
Andrew Zalesky ,
Jason Bruggemann ,
Suresh Sundram ,
Cynthia Shannon Weickert ,
Thomas W. Weickert ,
Chad A. Bousman ,
Christos Pantelis  and
Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen
Elysha Ringin
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
Vanessa Cropley
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
Andrew Zalesky
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Jason Bruggemann
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia Neuroscience Research Australia, New South Wales, Australia
Suresh Sundram
Affiliation:
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Cynthia Shannon Weickert
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia Neuroscience Research Australia, New South Wales, Australia Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
Thomas W. Weickert
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia Neuroscience Research Australia, New South Wales, Australia Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
Chad A. Bousman
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Christos Pantelis
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen*
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen, E-mail: tamsyn.van@unimelb.edu.au
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Cigarette smoking is associated with worse cognition and decreased cortical volume and thickness in healthy cohorts. Chronic cigarette smoking is prevalent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but the effects of smoking status on the brain and cognition in SSD are not clear. This study aimed to understand whether cognitive performance and brain morphology differed between smoking and non-smoking individuals with SSD compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. Cognitive functioning was measured in 299 controls and 455 SSD patients. Cortical volume, thickness and surface area data were analysed from T1-weighted structural scans obtained in a subset of the sample (n = 82 controls, n = 201 SSD). Associations between smoking status (cigarette smoker/non-smoker), cognition and brain morphology were tested using analyses of covariance, including diagnosis as a moderator.

Results

No smoking by diagnosis interactions were evident, and no significant differences were revealed between smokers and non-smokers across any of the variables measured, with the exception of a significantly thinner left posterior cingulate in smokers compared to non-smokers. Several main effects of smoking in the cognitive, volume and thickness analyses were initially significant but did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

Conclusions

Despite the general absence of significant FDR-corrected findings, trend-level effects suggest the possibility that subtle smoking-related effects exist but were not uncovered due to low statistical power. An investigation of this topic is encouraged to confirm and expand on our findings.

Keywords

Cigarettescognitive declinelifestyleposterior cingulate cortexRBANSsurface areathicknessvolume
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 14 , October 2022 , pp. 3097 - 3115
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahlers, E., Hahn, E., Ta, T. M. T., Goudarzi, E., Dettling, M., & Neuhaus, A. H. (2014). Smoking improves divided attention in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology, 231(19), 3871–3877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3525-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antonova, E., Kumari, V., Morris, R., Halari, R., Anilkumar, A., Mehrotra, R., & Sharma, T. (2005). The relationship of structural alterations to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a voxel-based morphometry study. Biological Psychiatry, 58(6), 457–467.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashare, R. L., Falcone, M., & Lerman, C. (2014). Cognitive function during nicotine withdrawal: Implications for nicotine dependence treatment. Neuropharmacology, 76, 581–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Azizian, A., Monterosso, J., O'Neill, J., & London, E. D. (2009). Magnetic resonance imaging studies of cigarette smoking. In Henningfield, J. E., London, E. D., & Pogun, S. (Eds.) Nicotine Psychopharmacology. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Vol 192, pp. 113–143). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_5.Google Scholar
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x.Google Scholar
Bird, C. M., Keidel, J. L., Ing, L. P., Horner, A. J., & Burgess, N. (2015). Consolidation of complex events via reinstatement in posterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(43), 14426–14434. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1774-15.2015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowie, C. R., Reichenberg, A., Patterson, T. L., Heaton, R., & Harvey, P. D. (2006). Determinants of real-world functional performance in schizophrenia subjects: Correlations with cognition, functional capacity, and symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 16(3), 418–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, A. M., Harris, A. W., & Williams, L. M. (2013). Functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and its relationship to neural synchrony. Expert Review Neurotherapy, 13(7), 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2013.811899CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, A. L., Mandelkern, M. A., Jarvik, M. E., Lee, G. S., Smith, E. C., Huang, J. C., … London, E. D. (2004). Differences between smokers and nonsmokers in regional gray matter volumes and densities. Biological Psychiatry, 55(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00610-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckner, R. L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008). The brain's default network: Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1440.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Budday, S., Steinmann, P., & Kuhl, E. (2015). Physical biology of human brain development. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 9, 257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campos, M. W., Serebrisky, D., & Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (2016). Smoking and cognition. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 9(2), 76–79. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473709666160803101633CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carruthers, S. P., Van Rheenen, T. E., Gurvich, C., Sumner, P. J., & Rossell, S. L. (2019). Characterising the structure of cognitive hetereogeneity in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 107, 252–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coustals, N., Martelli, C., Brunet-Lecomte, M., Petillion, A., Romeo, B., & Benyamina, A. (2020). Chronic smoking and cognition in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 222, 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.071CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dearborn, J. L., Zhang, Y., Qiao, Y., Suri, M. F. K., Liu, L., Gottesman, R., … Wasserman, B. A. (2017). Intracranial atherosclerosis and dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. American Academy of Neurology, 88(16), 1556–1563. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003837.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Leon, J., & Diaz, F. J. (2005). A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophrenia Research, 76(2–3), 135–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Depp, C. A., Bowie, C. R., Mausbach, B. T., Wolyniec, P., Thornquist, M. H., Luke, J. R., … Harvey, P. D. (2015). Current smoking is associated with worse cognitive and adaptive functioning in serious mental illness. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 131(5), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12380CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Souza, M. S., & Markou, A. (2012). Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking comorbidity: NAChR agonists in the treatment of schizophrenia-associated cognitive deficits. Neuropharmacology, 62(3), 1564–1573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.044CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durazzo, T. C., Meyerhoff, D. J., & Nixon, S. J. (2010). Chronic cigarette smoking: Implications for neurocognition and brain neurobiology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(10), 3760–3790. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7103760CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durazzo, T. C., Mon, A., Gazdzinski, S., & Meyerhoff, D. J. (2013). Chronic cigarette smoking in alcohol dependence: Associations with cortical thickness and N-acetylaspartate levels in the extended brain reward system. Addiction Biology, 18(2), 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00407.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekinci, O., & Ekinci, A. (2012). Cigarette smoking in patients with schizophrenia in Turkey: Relationships to psychopathology, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, 321–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elbejjani, M., Auer, R., Jacobs, D. R., Haight, T., Davatzikos, C., Goff, D. C., … Launer, L. J. (2019). Cigarette smoking and gray matter brain volumes in middle age adults: The CARDIA Brain MRI sub-study. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0401-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fareed, M., Zhou, J., Qiao, Y., Chu, H., Qureshi, A. I., Mosley, T., … Wasserman, B. A. (2018). Cognitive impairment and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in general population. Neurology, 90(14), e1240–e1247. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005250.Google Scholar
Gallinat, J., Meisenzahl, E., Jacobsen, L. K., Kalus, P., Bierbrauer, J., Kienast, T., … Staedtgen, M. (2006). Smoking and structural brain deficits: A volumetric MR investigation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 24(6), 1744–1750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05050.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glahn, D. C., Laird, A. R., Ellison-Wright, I., Thelen, S. M., Robinson, J. L., Lancaster, J. L., … Fox, P. T. (2008). Meta-analysis of gray matter anomalies in schizophrenia: Application of anatomic likelihood estimation and network analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 64(9), 774–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.031CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gold, A. L., Sheridan, M. A., Peverill, M., Busso, D. S., Lambert, H. K., Alves, S., … McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 57(10), 1154–1164. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12630CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorber, S. C., Schofield-Hurwitz, S., Hardt, J., Levasseur, G., & Tremblay, M. (2009). The accuracy of self-reported smoking: A systematic review of the relationship between self-reported and cotinine-assessed smoking status. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 11(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntn010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Govind, A. P., Vezina, P., & Green, W. N. (2009). Nicotine-induced upregulation of nicotinic receptors: Underlying mechanisms and relevance to nicotine addiction. Biochemical Pharmacology, 78(7), 756–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Habets, P., Marcelis, M., Gronenschild, E., Drukker, M., & Van Os, J. (2011). Reduced cortical thickness as an outcome of differential sensitivity to environmental risks in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 69(5), 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hahn, C., Hahn, E., Dettling, M., Güntürkün, O., Tam Ta, T. M., & Neuhaus, A. H. (2012). Effects of smoking history on selective attention in schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology, 62(4), 1897–1902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.12.032CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hahn, B., Ross, T. J., Yang, Y., Kim, I., Huestis, M. A., & Stein, E. A. (2007). Nicotine enhances visuospatial attention by deactivating areas of the resting brain default network. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(13), 3477–3489. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5129-06.2007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hong, L. E., Yang, X., Wonodi, I., Hodgkinson, C. A., Goldman, D., Stine, O. C., … Thaker, G. K. (2011). A CHRNA5 allele related to nicotine addiction and schizophrenia. Genes. Brain and Behavior, 10(5), 530–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183X.2011.00689.x.Google Scholar
Huhtaniska, S., Jääskeläinen, E., Hirvonen, N., Remes, J., Murray, G. K., Veijola, J., … Miettunen, J. (2017). Long-term antipsychotic use and brain changes in schizophrenia – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Psychopharmacology, 32(2), e2574. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iasevoli, F., Balletta, R., Gilardi, V., Giordano, S., & de Bartolomeis, A. (2013). Tobacco smoking in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients is associated with impaired cognitive functioning, more severe negative symptoms, and poorer social adjustment. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 1113–1120. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S47571CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarraya, B., Brugières, P., Tani, N., Hodel, J., Grandjacques, B., Fénelon, G., … Palfi, S. (2010). Disruption of cigarette smoking addiction after posterior cingulate damage. Journal of Neurosurgery, 113(6), 1219–1221. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.6.jns10346CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jha, S. C., Xia, K., Ahn, M., Girault, J. B., Li, G., Wang, L., … Knickmeyer, R. C. (2019). Environmental influences on infant cortical thickness and surface area. Cerebral Cortex, 29(3), 1139–1149. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jørgensen, K. N., Psychol, C., Skjærvø, I., Mørch-Johnsen, L., Haukvik, U. K., Lange, E. H., … Agartz, I. (2015). Cigarette smoking is associated with thinner cingulate and insular cortices in patients with severe mental illness. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 40(4), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.140163CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karama, S., Ducharme, S., Corley, J., Chouinard-Decorte, F., Starr, J. M., Wardlaw, J., … Deary, I. J. (2015). Cigarette smoking and thinning of the brain's cortex. Molecular Psychiatry, 20(6), 778–785. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.187CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karantonis, J. A., Carruthers, S., Rossell, S. L., Pantelis, C., Hughes, M., Wannan, C., … Van Rheenen, T. E. (n.d.). A systematic review of cognition-brain morphology relationships on the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder spectrum.Google Scholar
Karbasforoushan, H., & Woodward, N. D. (2013). Resting-state networks in schizophrenia. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 12(21), 2404–2414. https://doi.org/10.2174/156802612805289863CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kühn, S., Schubert, F., & Gallinat, J. (2010). Reduced thickness of medial orbitofrontal cortex in smokers. Biological Psychiatry, 68(11), 1061–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leech, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2014). The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease. Brain, 137(1), 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt162CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, Y., Jin, C., Bi, Y., Shi, S., Cai, C., von Deneen, K. M., … Tian, J. (2015). Reduced frontal cortical thickness and increased caudate volume within fronto-striatal circuits in young adult smokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 151, 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liao, Y., Tang, J., Liu, T., Chen, X., & Hao, W. (2012). Differences between smokers and non-smokers in regional gray matter volumes: A voxel-based morphometry study. Addiction Biology, 17(6), 977–980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00250.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, H., Lee, D., Jung, S. C., Koo, H. J., Kim, E. H., Hwang, S. M., … Suh, D. C. (2014). A study design to evaluate association between smoking and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Neurointervention, 9(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.5469/neuroint.2014.9.2.89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lo, S., Heishman, S. J., Raley, H., Wright, K., Wehring, H. J., Moolchan, E. T., … Kelly, D. L. (2011). Tobacco craving in smokers with and without schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 127(1–3), 241–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.06.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loughland, C., Draganic, D., McCabe, K., Richards, J., Nasir, A., Allen, J., … Carr, V. J. (2010). Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank: A database of comprehensive clinical, endophenotypic and genetic data for aetiological studies of schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(11), 1029–1035.Google Scholar
Mackowick, K. M., Barr, M. S., Wing, V. C., Rabin, R. A., Ouellet-Plamondon, C., & George, T. P. (2014). Neurocognitive endophenotypes in schizophrenia: Modulation by nicotinic receptor systems. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 52, 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.010.NeurocognitiveCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mondino, M., Luck, D., Grot, S., Januel, D., Suaud-Chagny, M. F., Poulet, E., & Brunelin, J. (2018). Effects of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation on smoking, craving and brain reactivity to smoking cues. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27057-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morales, A. M., Hellemann, G., Lee, B., London, E. D., & O'Neill, J. (2012). Gray-matter volume in methamphetamine dependence: Cigarette smoking and changes with abstinence from methamphetamine. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125(3), 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, L. V., Sampath, H., Kochunov, P., & Hong, L. (2013). Brain circuits that link schizophrenia to high risk of cigarette smoking. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(6), 1373–1381. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs149CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, L. V., Sampath, H., Stein, E. A., & Hong, L. E. (2012). Insular and anterior cingulate circuits in smokers with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 142(1–3), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.371CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morisano, D., Wing, V. C., Sacco, K. A., Arenovich, T., & George, T. P. (2013). Effects of tobacco smoking on neuropsychological function in schizophrenia in comparison to other psychiatric disorders and non-psychiatric controls. American Journal on Addictions, 22(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00313.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Natu, V. S., Lin, J.-J., Burks, A., Arora, A., Rugg, M. D., & Lega, B. (2019). Stimulation of the posterior cingulate impairs memory encoding. Journal of Neuroscience, 39(38), 7173–7182. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0698-19.2019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newell, K. A., Zavitsanou, K., & Huang, X. F. (2005). Ionotropic glutamate receptor binding in the posterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia patients. NeuroReport, 16(12), 1363–1367. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000174056.11403.71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Picard, F., Sadaghiani, S., Leroy, C., Courvoisier, D. S., Maroy, R., & Bottlaender, M. (2013). High density of nicotinic receptors in the cingulo-insular network. NeuroImage, 79, 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.074.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, A. C., Harris, J. G., & Olincy, A. (2016). Schizophrenia, smoking status, and performance on the matrics cognitive consensus battery. Psychiatry Research, 246, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.062CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reitsma, M. B., Fullman, N., Ng, M., Salama, J. S., Abajobir, A., Abate, K. H., … Gakidou, E. (2017). Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015. The Lancet, 389(10082), 1885–1906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimol, L. M., Hartberg, C. B., Nesvåg, R., Fennema-Notestine, C., Hagler, D. J., Pung, C. J., … Agartz, I. (2010). Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.036CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, M., Hong, L. E., McMahon, R. P., & Fuller, R. L. (2013). Comparison of the effectiveness of Conners’ CPT and the CPT-identical pairs at distinguishing between smokers and nonsmokers with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 148(1–3), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.06.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sacco, K. A., Termine, A., Seyal, A., Dudas, M. M., Vessicchio, J. C., Krishnan-Sarin, S., … George, T. P. (2005). Effects of cigarette smoking on spatial working memory and attentional deficits in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 649. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.649CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sánchez-Gutiérrez, T., Bobes, J., García-Portilla, M. P., Bioque, M., Rivero, G., Mané, A., … Rabela, M. (2018). Smoking does not impact social and non-social cognition in patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 199, 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.025CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, C. E., White, T., Hass, J., Geisler, D., Wallace, S. R., Roessner, V., … Ehrlich, S. (2014). Smoking status as a potential confounder in the study of brain structure in schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 50(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.12.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, A., & Brody, A. L. (2009). In vivo brain imaging of human exposure to nicotine and tobacco. In Henningfield, J. E., London, E. D., & Pogun, S. (Eds.) Nicotine Psychopharmacology. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Vol 192, pp. 145–171). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_6Google Scholar
Sharp, F. R., Tomitaka, M., Bernaudin, M., & Tomitaka, S. (2001). Psychosis: Pathological activation of limbic thalamocortical circuits by psychomimetics and schizophrenia? Trends in Neurosciences, 24(6), 330–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01817-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stramecki, F., Kotowicz, K. D., Piotrwoski, P., Frydecka, D., Rymaszewska, J., Beszlej, J. A., … Misiak, B. (2018). Assessment of the association between cigarette smoking and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A case-control study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9(December), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00642CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tregellas, J. R., Shatti, S., Tanabe, J. L., Martin, L. F., Gibson, L., Wylie, K., & Rojas, D. C. (2007). Gray matter volume differences and the effects of smoking on gray matter in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 97(1–3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Kouwe, A. J. W., West, W. C., McGuire, P. K., Ozawa, F., Kuperberg, G. R., Eddy, M., … Salat, D. H. (2003). Regionally localized thinning of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(9), 878. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.878Google Scholar
Van Erp, T. G. M., Hibar, D. P., Rasmussen, J. M., Glahn, D. C., Pearlson, G. D., Andreassen, O. A., … Turner, J. A. (2016). Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium. Molecular Psychiatry, 21(4), 547–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Erp, T. G. M., Iorio, M., Koenders, L., Howells, F. M., Dickie, E. W., Hong, E., … Sommer, I. E. C. (2018). Cortical brain abnormalities in 4474 individuals with schizophrenia and 5098 control subjects via the enhancing neuro imaging genetics through meta analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Biological Psychiatry, 84(9), 644–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Haren, N. E. M., Koolschijn, P. C. M. P., Cahn, W., Schnack, H. G., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., & Kahn, R. S. (2010). Cigarette smoking and progressive brain volume loss in schizophrenia. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 20(7), 454–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.02.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Rheenen, T. E., Cropley, V., Zalesky, A., Bousman, C., Wells, R., Bruggemann, J., … Pantelis, C. (2018). Widespread volumetric reductions in schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients displaying compromised cognitive abilities. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(3), 560–574. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Rheenen, T. E., Lewandowski, K. E., Tan, E. J., Ospina, L. H., Ongur, D., Neill, E., … Burdick, K. E. (2017). Characterizing cognitive heterogeneity on the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder spectrum. Psychological Medicine, 47(10), 1848–1864. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000307CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veselinović, T., Scharpenberg, M., Heinze, M., Cordes, J., Mühlbauer, B., Juckel, G., … Wobrock, T. (2019). Disparate effects of first and second generation antipsychotics on cognition in schizophrenia – findings from the randomized NeSSy trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(6), 720–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, Y.-Y., Li, X.-H., Zheng, W., Zhong, B.-L., Wang, S., Ng, C. H., … Xiang, Y.-T. (2019). Cognitive functions in smoking and non-smoking patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Psychiatry Research, 272, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.064CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, J. M., Gandhi, K. K., Lu, S. E., Kumar, S., Shen, J., Foulds, J., … Benowitz, N. L. (2010). Higher nicotine levels in schizophrenia compared with controls after smoking a single cigarette. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 12(8), 855–859. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq102CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, V. C., Bacher, I., Sacco, K. A., & George, T. P. (2011a). Neuropsychological performance in patients with schizophrenia and controls as a function of cigarette smoking status. Psychiatry Research, 188(3), 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, V. C., Sacco, K. A., & George, T. P. (2011b). Spatial working memory impairments induced by cigarette smoking abstinence are correlated with plasma nicotine levels in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 128(1–3), 171–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.10.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, X., Chen, D., Xiu, M., Haile, C., He, S., Luo, X., … Kosten, T. (2013). Cigarette smoking, psychopathology and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia: A case-control study. Psychological Medicine, 43(8), 1651–1660. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712002590CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, X. Y., Chen, D. C., Xiu, M. H., Haile, C. N., Sun, H., Lu, L., … Kosten, T. R. (2012). Cigarette smoking and cognitive function in Chinese male schizophrenia: A case-control study. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e36563. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zorlu, N., Cropley, V. L., Zorlu, P. K., Delibas, D. H., Adibelli, Z. H., Baskin, E. P., … Pantelis, C. (2017). Effects of cigarette smoking on cortical thickness in major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 84, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Ringin et al. supplementary material

Ringin et al. supplementary material

Download Ringin et al. supplementary material(File)
File 159.6 KB