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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha in depression and the response to electroconvulsive therapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2018

Karen M. Ryan Open the ORCID record for Karen M. Ryan [Opens in a new window] ,
Ian Patterson  and
Declan M. McLoughlin
Karen M. Ryan
Affiliation:
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Ian Patterson
Affiliation:
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Declan M. McLoughlin*
Affiliation:
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
*
Author for correspondence: Declan M. McLoughlin, E-mail: d.mcloughlin@tcd.ie
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Abstract

Background

The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC-1α), termed the ‘master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis’, has been implicated in stress and resilience to stress-induced depressive-like behaviours in animal models. However, there has been no study conducted to date to examine PGC-1α levels in patients with depression or in response to antidepressant treatment. Our aim was to assess PGC-1α mRNA levels in blood from healthy controls and patients with depression pre-/post-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and to examine the relationship between blood PGC-1α mRNA levels and clinical symptoms and outcomes with ECT.

Methods

Whole blood PGC-1α mRNA levels were analysed in samples from 67 patients with a major depressive episode and 70 healthy controls, and in patient samples following a course of ECT using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Exploratory subgroup correlational analyses were carried out to determine the relationship between PGC-1α and mood scores.

Results

PGC-1α levels were lower in patients with depression compared with healthy controls (p = 0.03). This lower level was predominantly accounted for by patients with psychotic unipolar depression (p = 0.004). ECT did not alter PGC-1α levels in the depressed group as a whole, though exploratory analyses revealed a significant increase in PGC-1α in patients with psychotic unipolar depression post-ECT (p = 0.045). We found no relationship between PGC-1α mRNA levels and depression severity or the clinical response to ECT.

Conclusions

PGC-1α may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of depression, and be a common link between various pathophysiological processes implicated in depression.

Keywords

Antidepressantdepressionelectroconvulsive therapyPGC-1αpsychosis
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 11 , August 2019 , pp. 1859 - 1868
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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