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Risk factors for suicide reattempt: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2024

Andres Pemau Open the ORCID record for Andres Pemau [Opens in a new window] ,
Carolina Marin-Martin ,
Marina Diaz-Marsa ,
Alejandro de la Torre-Luque Open the ORCID record for Alejandro de la Torre-Luque [Opens in a new window] ,
Wala Ayad-Ahmed ,
Ana Gonzalez-Pinto ,
Nathalia Garrido-Torres ,
Lucia Garrido-Sanchez ,
Natalia Roberto  and
Purificación Lopez-Peña
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Andres Pemau
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Carolina Marin-Martin
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Marina Diaz-Marsa
Affiliation:
San Carlos University Clinic Hospital, Madrid, Spain Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain
Alejandro de la Torre-Luque*
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
Wala Ayad-Ahmed
Affiliation:
San Carlos University Clinic Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Ana Gonzalez-Pinto
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
Nathalia Garrido-Torres
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain
Lucia Garrido-Sanchez
Affiliation:
Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
Natalia Roberto
Affiliation:
Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
Purificación Lopez-Peña
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
Lorea Mar-Barrutia
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
Iria Grande
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
Marti Guinovart
Affiliation:
Institut d'Investigacio i Innovacio ParcTauli (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Daniel Hernandez-Calle
Affiliation:
La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
Luis Jimenez-Treviño
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain Principado de Asturias Health Research Institute (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Principado de Asturias Neuroscience Research Institute (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
Clara Lopez-Sola
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Roberto Mediavilla
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Adrian Perez-Aranda
Affiliation:
IIS Aragon Research Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain
Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Elisa Seijo-Zazo
Affiliation:
Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain Principado de Asturias Health Research Institute (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Principado de Asturias Neuroscience Research Institute (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
Alba Toll
Affiliation:
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Neurosciences Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
Matilde Elices
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Neurosciences Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
Victor Perez-Sola
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Neurosciences Research Unit, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain Hospital de Mar, Mental Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
Affiliation:
Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
*
Corresponding author: Alejandro de la Torre-Luque; Email: af.delatorre@ucm.es
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Abstract

Background

Suicide is one of the main external causes of death worldwide. People who have already attempted suicide are at high risk of new suicidal behavior. However, there is a lack of information on the risk factors that facilitate the appearance of reattempts. The aim of this study was to calculate the risk of suicide reattempt in the presence of suicidal history and psychosocial risk factors and to estimate the effect of each individual risk factor.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. Studies on suicide reattempt that measured risk factors were searched from inception to 2022. The risk factors studied were those directly related to suicide history: history of suicide prior to the index attempt, and those that mediate the transition from suicidal ideation to attempt (alcohol or drug misuse, impulsivity, trauma, and non-suicidal self-injury).

Results

The initial search resulted in 11 905 articles. Of these, 34 articles were selected for this meta-analysis, jointly presenting 52 different effect sizes. The pooled effect size across the risk factors was significant (OR 2.16). Reattempt risk may be increased in presence of any of the following risk factors: previous history, active suicidal ideation, trauma, alcohol misuse, and drug misuse. However, impulsivity, and non-suicidal self-injury did not show a significant effect on reattempt.

Conclusion

Most of the risk factors traditionally associated with suicide are also relevant when talking about suicide reattempts. Knowing the traits that define reattempters can help develop better preventive and intervention plans.

Keywords

meta-analysisrepetition riskrisk factorssuicide reattemptsuicide
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , First View , pp. 1 - 8
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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