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Statistical analysis of fireballs: Seismic signature survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2021

T. Neidhart Open the ORCID record for T. Neidhart[Opens in a new window] ,
K. Miljković ,
E. K. Sansom ,
H. A. R. Devillepoix ,
T. Kawamura ,
J.-L. Dimech ,
M. A. Wieczorek  and
P. A. Bland
T. Neidhart*
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Space Science and Technology Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
K. Miljković
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Space Science and Technology Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
E. K. Sansom
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Space Science and Technology Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
H. A. R. Devillepoix
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Space Science and Technology Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
T. Kawamura
Affiliation:
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France
J.-L. Dimech
Affiliation:
Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia
M. A. Wieczorek
Affiliation:
Observatoire de Cote d’Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
P. A. Bland
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Space Science and Technology Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: T. Neidhart, E-mail: tanja.neidhart@postgrad.curtin.edu.au
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Abstract

Fireballs are infrequently recorded by seismic sensors on the ground. If recorded, they are usually reported as one-off events. This study is the first seismic bulk analysis of the largest single fireball data set, observed by the Desert Fireball Network (DFN) in Australia in the period 2014–2019. The DFN typically observes fireballs from cm-m scale impactors. We identified 25 fireballs in seismic time series data recorded by the Australian National Seismograph Network (ANSN). This corresponds to 1.8% of surveyed fireballs, at the kinetic energy range of $10^6$ – $10^{10}$ J. The peaks observed in the seismic time series data were consistent with calculated arrival times of the direct airwave or ground-coupled Rayleigh wave caused by shock waves by the fireball in the atmosphere (either due to fragmentation or the passage of the Mach cone). Our work suggests that identification of fireball events in the seismic time series data depends on both physical properties of a fireball (such as fireball energy and entry angle in the atmosphere) and the sensitivity of a seismic instrument. This work suggests that fireballs are likely detectable within 200 km direct air distance between a fireball and seismic station, for sensors used in the ANSN. If each DFN observatory had been accompanied by a seismic sensor of similar sensitivity, 50% of surveyed fireballs could have been detected. These statistics justify the future consideration of expanding the DFN camera network into the seismic domain.

Keywords

fireballimpactseismicobservationsensitivity
Type
Research Article
Information
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , Volume 38 , 2021 , e016
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia

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