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Amphipathic environments for determining the structure of membrane proteins by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2021

Christel Le Bon ,
Baptiste Michon ,
Jean-Luc Popot  and
Manuela Zoonens Open the ORCID record for Manuela Zoonens [Opens in a new window]
Christel Le Bon
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005, Paris, France Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le développement de la recherche Scientifique, F-75005, Paris, France
Baptiste Michon
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005, Paris, France Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le développement de la recherche Scientifique, F-75005, Paris, France
Jean-Luc Popot
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005, Paris, France Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le développement de la recherche Scientifique, F-75005, Paris, France
Manuela Zoonens*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005, Paris, France Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le développement de la recherche Scientifique, F-75005, Paris, France
*
Author for correspondence: Manuela Zoonens, E-mail: manuela.zoonens@ibpc.fr
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Abstract

Over the past decade, the structural biology of membrane proteins (MPs) has taken a new turn thanks to epoch-making technical progress in single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) as well as to improvements in sample preparation. The present analysis provides an overview of the extent and modes of usage of the various types of surfactants for cryo-EM studies. Digitonin, dodecylmaltoside, protein-based nanodiscs, lauryl maltoside-neopentyl glycol, glyco-diosgenin, and amphipols (APols) are the most popular surfactants at the vitrification step. Surfactant exchange is frequently used between MP purification and grid preparation, requiring extensive optimization each time the study of a new MP is undertaken. The variety of both the surfactants and experimental approaches used over the past few years bears witness to the need to continue developing innovative surfactants and optimizing conditions for sample preparation. The possibilities offered by novel APols for EM applications are discussed.

Keywords

amphipolsdetergentsintegral membrane protein complexeslipidsnanodiscsstructural biology

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Type
Review
Information
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics , Volume 54 , 2021 , e6
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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