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Root clustering of words∗

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

Gerhard Lischke
Gerhard Lischke*
Affiliation:
Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 1-4, 07743 Jena, Germany.. gerhard.lischke@uni-jena.de
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Abstract

Six kinds of both of primitivity and periodicity of words, introduced by Ito and Lischke[M. Ito and G. Lischke, Math. Log. Quart. 53 (2007) 91–106;Corrigendum in Math. Log. Quart. 53 (2007) 642–643], giverise to defining six kinds of roots of a nonempty word. For 1 ≤ k ≤ 6, ak-root wordis a word which has exactly k different roots, and a k-cluster is a set ofk-rootwords u wherethe roots of u fulfil a given prefix relationship. We show thatout of the 89 different clusters that can be considered at all, in fact only 30 exist, andwe give their quasi-lexicographically smallest elements. Also we give a sufficientcondition for words to belong to the only existing 6-cluster. These words are also calledLohmann words. Further we show that, with the exception of a single cluster, each of theexisting clusters contains either only periodic words, or only primitive words.

Keywords

Periodicity of wordsprimitivity of wordsroots of wordsclassification of words

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References

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