Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-18T15:34:33.526Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Kepler's Attitude Toward Pico and the Anti-astrology Polemic*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Sheila J. Rabin*
Affiliation:
St. Peter's College

Extract

In two of his major works, On the New Star (1606) and Harmonics of the Universe (1619), Johannes Kepler engaged in an extensive debate against Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's Disputations against Judicial Astrology. But despite his disagreements with Pico's Disputations, Kepler wrote about it in these works with deep respect and even expressed many points of agreement with it. Ernst Cassirer suggested that despite Kepler's continuing practice and support of astrology, Kepler essentially adopted Pico's idea of the human being making himself and thus gradually liberated himself from a belief in astrological determinism: “The problem of freedom is closely allied to the problem of knowledge; the conception of freedom determines that of knowledge, just as, conversely, the latter determines the former. The spontaneity and productivity of knowledge finally become the seal of the conviction of human freedom and human creativity.”

Type
Studies
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

A version of this paper was read at the Columbia University Renaissance Seminar, 3 December 1991. I am grateful to Professors Wilbur Applebaum, Mary Ellen Bowden, Paul Oskar Kristeller, Fred J. Nichols, and Robert S. Westman and to Dr. Alan Weissman for their comments on earlier drafts of this paper. The anonymous readers for Renaissance Quarterly also offered insightful criticisms. Some of the material in this paper comes from my dissertation, and I would like to thank my advisors, Professors Richard Lemay and the late Edward Rosen, and my readers, Professors Joseph W. Dauben, Frank D. Grande, and Nancy G. Siraisi for their suggestions and corrections.

References

Aristotle, . The Works of Aristotle. Vol. 2, De Caelo. Trans. Stocks, J.L.. Oxford, 1930.Google Scholar
Baumgardt, Carola. Johannes Kepler: Life and Letters. New York, 1951.Google Scholar
Boll, Franz, Bezold, Carl, and Gundel, Wilhelm. Sternglaube und Sterndeutung: Die Geschichte und das Wesen der Astrologie. Leipzig and Berlin, 1931. Rpt., Stuttgart, 1966.Google Scholar
Caspar, Max. Kepler. Trans, and ed. Hellman, C. Doris. London, 1969. Rpt., New York, 1993.Google Scholar
Cassirer, Ernst. Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit. Vol. 1. Berlin, 1906.Google Scholar
Cassirer, Ernst. “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.” In Renaissance Essays, ed. Kristeller, Paul Oskar and Wiener, Philip, 1160. New York and Evanston, 1968.Google Scholar
Cassirer, Ernst. The Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy. Trans. Domandi, Mario. Philadelphia, 1972.Google Scholar
Craven, William G. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Symbol of His Age: Modern Interpretations of a Renaissance Philosopher. Geneva, 1981.Google Scholar
Dales, Richard C.Medieval Deanimation of the Heavens.” Journal of the History of Ideas 41 (1980): 531-50.Google Scholar
Dijksterhuis, E.J. The Mechanization of the World Picture. Trans. Dikshom, C.. London, 1969. Rpt., Princeton, 1988.Google Scholar
Doebel, Günther. Johannes Kepler: Er veranderte das Weltbild. Graz, 1983.Google Scholar
Field, Judith V.A Lutheran Astrologer: Johannes Kepler.” Archive for History of Exact Sciences 31 (1984): 189273.Google Scholar
Field, Judith V.Astrology in Kepler's Cosmology.” In Astrology, Science and Society, ed. Curry, Patrick, 143-70. Woodbridge, Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH, 1987.Google Scholar
Field, Judith V. Kepler's Geometrical Cosmology. Chicago and London, 1988.Google Scholar
Galilei, Galileo. Dialogue concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Trans. Drake, Stillman. 2d ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1967.Google Scholar
Garin, Eugenio. Astrology in the Renaissance: The Zodiac of Life. Trans. Jackson, Carolyn and Allen, June; rev. trans. Garin, Eugenio and Robertson, Clare. London, 1984.Google Scholar
Gilbert, William. De magnete. Trans. Mottelay, P. Fleury. London, 1893. Rpt., New York, 1958.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony. Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800. Cambridge, MA and London, 1991. Rpt., Cambridge, MA and London, 1994.Google Scholar
Grant, Edward. Planets, Stars, and Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos, 1200-1687. Cambridge and New York, 1994.Google Scholar
Hammer, Franz. “Die Astrologie des Johannes Kepler.” Sudhoffs Archiv 55 (1971): 113–35.Google Scholar
Kepler, Johannes. Opera omnia. Ed. Frisch, Christian. 8 vols. Frankfurt, 1858-71. Rpt., Hildesheim, 1971-77.Google Scholar
Kepler, Johannes. Die Astrologie des Johannes Kepler. Ed. Strauss, Heinz Artur and Strauss-Kloebe, Sigrid. Munich, 1926.Google Scholar
Kepler, Johannes. Gesammelte Werke. Ed. Caspar, Max et al. 20 vols. Munich, 1937..Google Scholar
Kepler, Johannes. “On the More Certain Fundamentals of Astrology.” Trans, and ed. Rossi, Mary Ann and Brackenridge, J. Bruce. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 123 (1979): 85116.Google Scholar
Kepler, Johannes. The Secret of the Universe. Trans. Duncan, A.M.. New York, 1981.Google Scholar
Kepler, Johannes. On Giving Astrology Sounder Foundations. See Field, 1984.Google Scholar
Kepler, Johannes. New Astronomy. Trans. Donahue, William H.. Cambridge and New York, 1992.Google Scholar
Koyré, Alexander. From the Close World to the Infinite Universe. Baltimore and London, 1957.Google Scholar
Koyré, Alexander. The Astronomical Revolution: Copernicus-Kepler-Borelli. Trans. Maddison, R.E.W.. Paris, 1973.Google Scholar
Krafft, Fritz. “ Tertius interveniens: Johannes KeplersBemiihung um eine Reform der Astrologie.” In Die okkulten Wissenschaften in der Renaissance, ed.Buck, August, 197225. Wiesbaden, 1992.Google Scholar
Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Eight Philosophers of the Italian Renaissance. Stanford, 1964.Google Scholar
Lemay, Richard. “The True Place of Astrology in Medieval Science and Philosophy: Towards a Definition.” In Astrology, Science and Society, ed. Curry, Patrick, 5773. Woodbridge, Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH, 1987.Google Scholar
List, Martha. “Das Wallenstein Horoskop von Johannes Kepler: Zur Geschichte seinerEntstehung.” In Johannes Kepler—Werk und Leistung, ed. Maar, Gerold, 127-36. Linz, 1971.Google Scholar
Lubac, Henri de.Pic de la Mirandole. Paris, 1974.Google Scholar
Oresme, Nicole. Livre de divinacions. In Coopland, G.W., Nicole Oresme and the Astrologers: A Study of His Livre de Divinacions. Liverpool, 1952.Google Scholar
Pauli, Wolfgang. The Influence of Archetypal Ideas on the Scientific Theories of Kepler. Trans. Silz, Priscilla. New York, 1955.Google Scholar
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni. Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinitricem. 2 vols. Ed. and trans. Garin, Eugenio. Florence, 1946-52.Google Scholar
Ptolemy, . Tetrabiblos. Trans. Robbins, F.E.. Cambridge, MA and London, 1940. Rpt., Cambridge, MA and London, 1980.Google Scholar
Queron, Jacques. Pic de la Mirandole: Contribution à la connaissance de l'humanisme philosophique renaissant. Aix-en-Provence, 1986.Google Scholar
Rosen, Edward. “Kepler's Attitude toward Astrology and Mysticism.” In Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance, ed. Vickers, Brian, 253-72. Cambridge and New York, 1984.Google Scholar
Rossi, Paolo. “Considerazioni sul declino dell'astrologia agli inizi dell'età moderna.” In L'opera e il pensiero di Giovanni Pico della Mirandola nella storia dell'umanismo, 2:315-31. 2 vols. Florence, 1965.Google Scholar
Shumaker, Wayne. The Occult Sciences in the Renaissance: A Study in Intellectual Patterns. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1979.Google Scholar
Simon, Gérard. “Kepler's Astrology: The Direction of a Reform.” In Kepler: Four Hundred Years, ed. Beer, Arthur and Beer, Peter, 439-48. Oxford, 1975.Google Scholar
Simon, Gérard. Kepler: Astronome/Astrologue. Paris, 1979.Google Scholar
Stephenson, Bruce. Kepler's Physical Astronomy. New York and Berlin, 1987.Google Scholar
Tester, S.J. A History of Western Astrology. Woodbridge, Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH, 1987.Google Scholar
Thorndike, Lynn. A History of Magic and Experimental Science. 8 vols. New York, 1934. Rpt., New York, 1964.Google Scholar
Tognon, Giuseppe. “Préface.” In de la Mirandole, Jean Pic, Œuvres philosophiques, ed. and trans. Boulnois, Olivier and Tognon, Giuseppe. Paris, 1993.Google Scholar
Westman, Robert S.Nature, Art, and Psyche: Jung, Pauli, and the Kepler-Fludd Polemics.” In Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance, ed. Vickers, Brian, 177230. Cambridge, 1984.Google Scholar
Westman, Robert S.Copernicus and the Prognosticators: The Bologna Period, 1496-1500.” Universitas 5 (December 1993): 15.Google Scholar
Westman, Robert S.Two Cultures or One? A Second Look at Kuhn's TheCopemican Revolution .” Isis 85 (1994): 79115.Google Scholar
Wolfson, Harry A.The Problem of the Souls of the Spheres from the Byzantine Commentaries on Aristotle through the Arabs and St. Thomas to Kepler.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 16 (1962): 6594.Google Scholar