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The Impact of Pan-Slavism on Central Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2009

Hans Kohn
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Extract

Pan-slavism is one of the elusive idea-concepts which can be easily defined. But the historian can hardly say how far they correspond to a political reality which exercises a decisive impact on the course of history. A similar contemporary ideaconcept is Pan-Africanism, propagated and commended by most Africans. So far it has failed to create a political or economic union. The only example of that kind, and that on a very minor scale, the Mali Federation, dissolved after a short existence. The same holds true of another similar concept, Pan-Scandinavianism, which is approximately as old as Pan-Slavism but better based on a much closer cultural and religious affinity.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Review of Politics , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , July 1961 , pp. 323 - 333
Copyright
Copyright © University of Notre Dame 1961

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References

1 See Halecki, Oscar, “The Renaissance Origin of Panslavism,” The Polish Review, III (1958), 7–19Google Scholar and Tamborra, Angelo, “Panslavismo e solidarietà slava,” Questioni di Storia Contemporanea (Milan, 1955), II, 1777–1872Google Scholar.

2 “Panslavism as a public movement did not assert itself in Russia until the Crimean War and the beginning of Alexander II's reign in 1855.” Petrovich, Michael Boro, The Emergence of Russian Panslavism 1856–1870 (New York, 1956), p. 3Google Scholar. But even Prince Alexander Gorchakov (1798–1883) who during the whole period (from 1856 to 1882) was Russian Foreign Minister and later Chancellor, the first “Russian” in this post, “had always been contemptuous of the Panslavic program.” Ibid., p. 121. See also Kohn, Hans, Pan-Slavism, its History and Ideology, 2nd ed. (New York, 1960), p. 126Google Scholar.

3 See Petrovich, Michael B., “L'udovit Stur and Russian Panslavism,” Journal of Central European Affairs, XII (1952), 1–19Google Scholar and Kohn, Hans, op. cit., pp. 15–18Google Scholar.

4 Thomson, S. Harrison, Czechoslovakia in European History (Princeton, 1943), p. 230Google Scholar.

5 See Kohn, Hans, Prophets and Peoples. Studies in Nineteenth Century Nationalism (New York, 1946), pp. 94, 185, 188Google Scholar, and Tamborra, Angelo, op. cit., pp. 1822–1827Google Scholar.

6 See Kohn, Hans, Pan-Slavism, pp. 102–122Google Scholar.

7 For the various federal ideas of that period, see Droz, Jacques, L'Europe Centrale. Evolution historique de I'idée de Mitteleuropa (Paris, 1960)Google Scholar.

8 Quoted in May, Arthur J., The Hapsburg Monarchy 1867–1914 (Cambridge, Mass., 1951), p. 275Google Scholar.

9 See Kann, Robert A., The Multinational Empire (New York, 1950), I, 327Google Scholar.

10 See Kohn, Hans, Pan-Slavism, pp. 23–26Google Scholar.

11 Masaryk, T. G., Světoá revoluce za války a ve válce 1914–1918 (rev. ed., Prague, 1933), p. 15Google Scholar.

12 Seton-Watson, R. W., Masaryk in England (New York, 1943), pp. 40, 44f, 54fGoogle Scholar.

13 Masaryk, , Světová revoluce, p. 26Google Scholar. On the “abysmal ignorance” of Russian statesmen regarding the southern Slavs, see Seton-Watson, , op. cit., p. 67Google Scholar.

14 Beneě, Edvard, Uvahy o slovanství. Hlavní probémy slovanské politiky (Prague, 1947), p. 300Google Scholar.

15 See Kohn, Hans, Pan-Slavism, pp. 190–208Google Scholar.