Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-07T17:53:11.925Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence: a review of contemporary surgical treatments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2014

Luis Resel-Folkersma*
Affiliation:
Urology Department, Clinico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Jesús Salinas-Casado
Affiliation:
Urology Department, Clinico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Jesús Moreno-Sierra
Affiliation:
Urology Department, Clinico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Luis Resel-Folkersma, Urology Department, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain. Email: lresel@gmail.com

Summary

Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumour diagnosed in men, especially in older people. Radical prostatectomy is the treatment of choice for this disease, but is also the main cause of stress urinary incontinence in men by iatrogenic injury. This procedure is performed far more frequently now than 10 years ago, so the incidence of post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPUI) has increased. PPUI has a detrimental impact on a patient's quality of life and is a significant problem that needs to be solved. The artificial urinary sphincter is still the gold standard treatment for PPUI. In recent years, less invasive approaches such as suburethral slings have been used with promising results. The selection criteria and most appropriate choice of device for the treatment of PPUI are not well standardized. In this review, the different forms of assessment and management of PPUI will be discussed.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Jemal, A, Bray, F, Center, MMet al.Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 6990.Google Scholar
2Siegel, R, DeSantis, C, Virgo, Ket al.Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62: 220–41.Google Scholar
3Resnick, MJ, Koyama, T, Fan, KH, Albertsen, PC, Goodman, M, Hamilton, ASet al.Long-term functional outcomes after treatment for localized prostate cancer. N Eng J Med 2013; 368: 436–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Van der Horst, C, Naumann, CM, Al-Najaar, Aet al.Etiology and pathophysiology of male stress incontinence. Urologe A 2007; 46: 233–39.Google Scholar
5Bauer, RM, Bastian, PJ, Gozzi, C, Stief, CG. Postprostatectomy incontinence: all about diagnosis and management. Eur Urol 2009; 55: 322–33.Google Scholar
6Adamakis, I, Vasileiou, I, Constantinides, CA. The treatment of iatrogenic male incontinence: latest results and future perspectives. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2013; 8: 3641.Google Scholar
7Payne, CK. Urinary incontinence: non-surgical management. In Campbell's Urology, Walsh, PC, Retik, AB, Vaughan, EDJr, Wein, AJ (eds), 8th edn, pp. 1069–91. Saunders, Philadelphia; 2002.Google Scholar
8Kim, SP, Sarmast, Z, Daignault, S, Faerber, GJ, McGuire, EJ, Latini, JM. Long-term durability and functional outcomes among patients with artificial urinary sphincters: a 10-year retrospective review from the University of Michigan. J Urol 2008; 179: 1912–16.Google Scholar
9Herschorn, S, Bruschini, H, Comiter, Cet al.Surgical treatment of stress incontinence in men. Neurourol Urodyn 2010; 29: 179–90.Google Scholar
10Bauer, RM, Gozzi, C, Hübner, Wet al.Contemporary management of postprostatectomy incontinence. Eur Urol 2011; 59: 985–96.Google Scholar
11Collado Serra, A. Editorial comment: conservative management of post-radical prostatectomy incontinence. Arch Esp Urol 2013; 66: 776–79.Google Scholar
12De Ridder, D, Rehder, P. The AdVance® male sling: anatomic features in relation to mode of action. Eur Supplements 2011; 10: 383–89.Google Scholar
13Groutz, A, Blaivas, JG, Chaikin, DCet al.The pathophysiology of post-radical prostatectomy incontinence: a clinical and video urodynamic study. J Urol 2000; 163: 1767–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Catalona, WJ, Carvalhal, GF, Mager, DE, Smith, DS. Potency, continence and complication rates in 1870 consecutive radical retropubic prostatectomies. J Urol 1999; 162: 433–38.Google Scholar
15Eastham, JA, Kattan, MW, Rogers, Eet al.Risk factors for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1996; 156: 1707–13.Google Scholar
16Thüroff, JW, Abrams, P, Andersson, KEet al.EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence. Eur Urol 2011; 59: 387400.Google Scholar
17Seckiner, I, Yesilli, C, Mungan, NA, Aykanat, A, Akduman, B. Correlations between the ICIQ-SF score and urodynamic findings. Neurourol Urodyn 2007; 26: 492–94.Google Scholar
18.International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire (ICIQ). Available at: http://www.iciq.net (accessed 17 November 2013).Google Scholar
19Abrams, P, Cardozo, L, Fall, Met al.The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology 2003; 61: 3749.Google Scholar
20Mouritsen, L, Berild, G, Hertz, J. Comparison of different methods for quantification of urinary leakage in incontinent women. Neurourol Urodyn 1989; 8: 579–87.Google Scholar
21Sullivan, J, Swithinbank, L, Abrams, P. An audit of urodynamic standardization in the West Midlands, UK. BJU Int 2003; 91: 430.Google Scholar
22Anger, TJ, Raj, GV, Delvecchio, FC, Webster, GD. Anastomotic contracture and incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a graded approach to management. J Urol 2005; 173: 1143–46.Google Scholar
23Sacco, E, Prayer-Galetti, T, Pinto, Fet al.Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: incidence by definition, risk factors and temporal trend in a large series with a long-term follow-up. BJU Int 2006; 97: 1234–41.Google Scholar
24Lucas, MG, Bosch, RJ, Burkhard, FCet al.EAU guidelines on assessment and nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 1130–42.Google Scholar
25Ribeiro, LH, Prota, C, Gomes, CMet al.Long-term effect of early postoperative pelvic floor biofeedback on continence in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Urol 2010; 184: 1034–39.Google Scholar
26Hunter, KF, Glazener, CM, Moore, KN. Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (2): CD001843.Google Scholar
27Filocamo, MT, Lo Marzi, V, Del Popolo, Get al.Pharmacologic treatment in postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence. Eur Urol 2007; 51: 1559–64.Google Scholar
28Cornu, J-N, Merlet, B, Ciofu, Cet al.Duloxetine for mild to moderate postprostatectomy incontinence: preliminary results of randomised placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol 2011; 59: 148–54.Google Scholar
29Collado Serra, A, Rubio-Briones, J, Puyol Payás, M, Iborra Juan, I, Casanova Ramón-Borja, J, Solsona, Narbón. Postprostatectomy established stress urinary incontinence treated with duloxetine. Urology 78: 261–66.Google Scholar
30Lucas, MG, Bosch, RJ, Burkhard, FCet al.EAU guidelines on surgical treatment of urinary incontinence. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 1118–29.Google Scholar
31Smith, DN, Appell, RA, Rackley, RR, Winters, JC. Collagen injections in the therapy for post-radical prostatectomy stress incontinence. J Urol 1998; 160: 364–67.Google Scholar
32Westney, OL, Bevan-Thomas, R, Palmer, JL, Cespedes, RD, McGuire, EJ. Transurethral collagen injections for male intrinsic sphincter deficiency: the University of Texas-Houston experience. J Urol 2005; 174: 994–97.Google Scholar
33Secin, FP, Martínez-Salamanca, JI, Eiber, KS. Limited efficacy of permanent injectable agents in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Arch EspUrol 2005; 58: 431–36.Google Scholar
34Mitterberger, M, Marksteiner, R, Margreiter, Eet al.Myoblast andfibroblast therapy for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: 1-year followup of 63 patients. J Urol 2008; 179: 226–31.Google Scholar
35Hubner, WA, Schlarp, OM. Treatment of incontinence after prostatectomy using a new minimally invasive device: adjustable continence therapy. BJU Int 2005; 96: 587–94.Google Scholar
36Gregori, A, Romano, AL, Scieri, Fet al.Transrectal ultrasound-guided implantation of adjustable continence therapy (ProACT): surgical technique and clinical results after a mean follow-up of 2 years. Eur Urol 2010; 57: 430–36.Google Scholar
37. Cansino Alcaide, JR, Alvarez Maestro, M, Martín Hernández, Met al.Paraurethral ballon implantation in the treatment of male urinary incontinence. La Paz University Hospital experience. Arch Esp Urol 2007; 60: 647–55.Google Scholar
38Kaufmann, JJ. Urethral compression operations for the treatment of post-prostatectomy incontinence. J Urol 1973; 110: 9396.Google Scholar
39Schaeffer, AJ, Clemens, JQ, Ferrari, M, Stamey, TA. The male bulbourethral sling procedure for post-radical prostatectomy incontinence. J Urol 1998; 159: 1510–15.Google Scholar
40Welk, BK, Herschorn, S. The male sling for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a review of contemporary sling designs and outcomes. BJU Int 2012; 109: 328–44.Google Scholar
41Comiter, CV. Male incontinence surgery in the 21st century: past, present, and future. Curr Opin Urol 2010; 20: 302–8.Google Scholar
42Moreno Sierra, J, Romano, SV, Galante Romo, I, Barrera Ortega, J, Salinas Casado, J, Silmi Moyano, A. New male sling ‘Argus’ for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Arch Esp Urol 2006; 59: 607–13.Google Scholar
43Bochove-Overgaauw, DM, Schrier, BP. An adjustable sling for the treatment of all degrees of male stress urinary incontinence: retrospective evaluation of efficacy and complications after a minimal followup of 14 months. J Urol 2011; 185: 1363–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44Romano, SV, Metrebian, SE, Vaz, Fet al.An adjustable male sling for treating urinary incontinence after prostatectomy: a phase III multicentre trial. BJU Int 2006; 97: 533–39.Google Scholar
45Hubner, WA, Gallistl, H, Rutkowski, M, Huber, ER. Adjustable bulbourethral male sling: experience after 101 cases of moderate to severe male stress urinary incontinence. BJU Int 2011; 107: 777–82.Google Scholar
46Romano, SV, Metrebian, SE, Vaz, Fet al.Long term results of phase III multicentre trial of the adjustable male sling for treating urinary incontinence after prostatectomy: minimum 3 years. Actas Urol Esp 2009; 33: 309–14.Google Scholar
47Dalpiaz, O, Knopf, HJ, Orth, S, Griese, K, Aboulsorour, S, Truss, M. Mid-term complications after placement of the male adjustable suburethral sling: a single center experience. J Urol 2011; 186: 604–9.Google Scholar
48Moreno Sierra, J, Galante Romo, I, Pérez Romero, Net al.Suburethral readjustable sling (Remeex) for the treatment of female urinary incontinence: personal surgical technique. Arch Esp Urol 2006; 59: 793–97.Google Scholar
49Sousa-Escandon, A, Rodríguez, GJI, Uribarri, GC, Marques-Queimadelos, A. Externally readjustable sling for treatment of male stress urinary incontinence: points of technique and preliminary results. J Endourol 2004; 18: 113–18.Google Scholar
50Campos-Fernandes, JL, Timsit, MO, Paparel, P, Devonec, M, Leriche, A, Ruffion, A. REMEEX: A possible treatment option in selected cases of sphincter incompetence. Prog Urol 2006; 16: 184–91.Google Scholar
51Navalón Verdejo, P, Pallás Costa, Y, Ordoño Domínguez, Fet al.Our experience in the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence with the male Remeex system. Arch Esp Urol 2010; 63: 432–39.Google Scholar
52Sousa-Escandón, A, Cabrera, J, Mantovani, Fet al.Adjustable suburethral sling (male Remeex system) in the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence: a multicentric European study. Eur Urol 2007; 52: 1473–79.Google Scholar
53Bauer, W, Brössner, C. Adjustable transobturator male system – ATOMS – for the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontienence: the surgical technique. Pelviperineology 2011; 30: 1016.Google Scholar
54Seweryn, JS, Bauer, W, Ponholzer, A, Schramek, P. Initial experience and results with a new adjustable transobturator male system for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. J Urol 2012; 187: 956–61.Google Scholar
55Hoda, MR, Primus, G, Fischereder, K, Von Heyden, B, Mohammed, N, Schmid, Net al.Early results of a European multicentre experience with a new self-anchoring adjustable transobturator system for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in men. BJU Int 2013; 111: 296303.Google Scholar
56Madjar, S, Jacoby, K, Gilberti, Cet al.Bone anchored sling for the treatment of post-prostatectomy incontinence. J Urol 2001; 165: 7276.Google Scholar
57Comiter, CV. The male sling for stress urinary incontinence: a prospective study. J Urol 2002; 167: 597601.Google Scholar
58Giberti, C, Gallo, F, Schenone, M, Cortese, P. The bone-anchor suburethral sling for the treatment of iatrogenic male incontinence: subjective and objective assessment after 41 months of mean follow-up. World J Urol 2008; 26: 173–78.Google Scholar
59Guimaraes, M, Oliveira, R, Pinto, R, Soares, A, Maia, E, Botelho, Fet al.Intermediate-term results, up to 4 years, of a bone-anchored male perineal sling for treating male stress urinary incontinence after prostate surgery. BJU Int 2009; 103: 500–4.Google Scholar
60Castle, EP, Andrews, PE, Itano, N, Novicki, DE, Swanson, SK, Ferrigni, RG. The male sling for pot-prostatectomy incontinence: mean followup of 18 months. J Urol 2005; 173: 1657–60.Google Scholar
61Carmel, M, Hage, B, Hanna, Set al.Long-term efficacy of the bone-anchored male sling for moderate and severe stress urinary incontinence. BJU Int 2010; 106: 1012–16.Google Scholar
62Rehder, P, Gozzi, C. Transobturator sling suspension for male urinary incontinence including post-radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2007; 52: 860–67.Google Scholar
63Rehder, P, Freiin von Gleissenthal, G, Pichler, R, Glodny, B. The treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence with the retroluminal transobturator repositioning sling (Advance®): lessons learnt from accumulative experience. Arch Esp Urol 2009; 62: 860–70.Google Scholar
64Bauer, RM, Soljanik, I, Fülhase, C, Karl, A, Becker, A, Stief, CGet al.Mid-term results for the retroluminar transobturator sling suspension for stress urinary incontinence after prostatectomy. BJU Int 2011; 108: 9498.Google Scholar
65Cornel, EB, Elzevier, HW, Putter, H. Can AdVance transobturator sling suspension cure male urinary postoperative stress incontinence? J Urol 2010; 183: 1459–63.Google Scholar
66Rehder, P, Haab, F, Cornu, JN, Gozzi, C, Bauer, RM. Treatment of postprostatectomy male urinary incontinence with the transobturator retroluminal repositioning sling suspension: 3-year of follow-up. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 140–45.Google Scholar
67Collado, A, Resel, L, Domínguez-Escrig, JLet al.AdVance/AdVanceXP transobturator male slings: preoperative degree of incontinence as predictor of surgical outcome. Urology 2013; 81: 1034–39.Google Scholar
68Cornu, JN, Sebe, P, Ciofu, C, Peyrat, L, Cussenot, O, Haab, F. Mid-term evaluation of the transobturator male sling for post-prostatectomy incontinence: focus on prognostic factors. BJU Int 2011; 108: 236–40.Google Scholar
69Bauer, RM, Soljanik, I, Füllhase, C, Butchner, A, May, F, Stief, CGet al.Results of the AdVance transobturator male sling after radical prostatectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Urology 2011; 77: 474–79.Google Scholar
70Bauer, RM, Mayer, ME, May, F, Gratzke, C, Burchner, A, Soljanik, Iet al.Complications of the AdVance transobturator male sling in the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence. Urology 2010; 75: 1494–98.Google Scholar
71Comiter, CV, Nitti, V, Elliot, C, Rhee, E. A new quadratic sling for male stress incontinence: retrograde leak point pressure as a measure of urethral resistance. J Urol 2012; 187: 563–68.Google Scholar
72Grise, P, Vautherin, R, Njinou-Ngninkeu, B, Bochereau, G, Lienhart, J, Saussine, C. I-Stop TOMS transobturator male sling, a minimally invasive treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence: continence improvement and tolerability. Urology 2012; 79: 458–63.Google Scholar
73Lai, HH, Hsu, EI, The, BS, Butler, EB, Boone, TB. 13 years of experience with artificial urinary sphincter implantation at Baylor College of Medicine. J Urol 2007; 177: 1021–25.Google Scholar
74Gousse, AE, Madjar, S, Lambert, MM, Fishmann, IJ. Artificial urinary sphincter for post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence: long-term subjective results. J Urol 2001; 166: 1755–58.Google Scholar
75Bordenave, M, Roupret, M, Taksin, L, Parra, J, Cour, F, Richard, Fet al.Long-term results of the treatment of urinary incontinence with bulbar implantation of artificial urinary sphincter in men: a single-center experience. Prog Urol 2011; 21: 277–82.Google Scholar
76. Sanz Mayayo, E, Gómez García, I, Fernández Fernández, E, Perales Cabanas, L, García Ortells, D, García Navas, Ret al.AMS-800 artificial sphincter. Our experience in the last 20 years. Arch Esp Urol 2003; 56: 989–97.Google Scholar
77Wilson, SK, Delk, II JR, Henry, GD, Siegel, AL. New surgical technique for sphincter urinary control system using upper transverse scrotal incision. J Urol 2003; 169: 261–64.Google Scholar
78García Montes, F, Knight, SL, Greenwell, T, Mundy, AR, Craggs, MD. ‘FlowSecure’ artificial urinary sphincter: a new adjustable artificial urinary sphincter concept with conditional occlusion for stress urinary incontinence. Actas Urol Esp 2007; 31: 752–58.Google Scholar
79Knight, SL, Susser, J, Greenwell, T, Mundy, AR, Craggs, MD. A new artificial urinary sphincter with conditional occlusion for stress urinary incontinence: preliminary clinical results. Eur Urol 2006; 50: 574–80.Google Scholar
80Staerman, F, G-Llorens, C, Leon, P, Leclerc, Y. ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincter for male urinary incontinence: a preliminary study. BJU Int 2013; 111: E202–6.Google Scholar
81O’Connor, RC, Lyon, MB, Guralnick, ML, Bales, GT. Long-term follow-up of single versus double cuff artificial urinary sphincter insertion for the treatment of severe postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence. Urology 2008: 71: 9093.Google Scholar
82O’Connor, RC, Nanigian, DK, Patel, BN, Guralnick, ML, Ellision, LM, Stone, AR. Artificial urinary sphincter placement in elderly men. Urology 2007; 69: 126–28.Google Scholar
83Gomha, MA, Boone, TB. Artificial urinary sphincter for post-prostatectomy incontinence in men who had prior radiotherapy: a risk and outcome analysis. J Urol 2002; 167: 591–96.Google Scholar
84Nam, RK, Herschorn, S, Loblaw, DA, Liu, Y, Klotz, LH, Carr, LKet al.Population based study of long-term rates of surgery for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 2012; 188: 502–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
85Raj, GV, Peterson, AC, Toh, KL, Webster, GD. Outcomes following revisions and secondary implantation of the artificial urinary sphincter. J Urol 2005; 173: 1242–45.Google Scholar