Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T11:30:20.957Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Creatures of a Day’: Contingency, Mortality, and Human Limits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2021

Abstract

This paper offers a nexus of terms – mortality, limits, contingency and vulnerability – painting a picture of human life as marked by limitation and finitude. I suggest that limitations of possibility, capacity, and resource are deep features of human life, but not only restrict it. Limits are also the conditions of possibility for human life and as such have productive, normative, and creative powers that not only delimit life but also scaffold growth and transformation within it. The paper takes a less known interpretation of the term ‘ephēmeros', to mean ‘of the day', rather than ‘short-lived' and suggests that as ephemeral, human life is contingent and mutable, subject to events beyond our control. However, virtue can still be exercised – indeed, can be exuberantly displayed – when we respond to contingent events marked by adversity.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Benatar, David, The Human Predicament. A Candid Guide to Life's Biggest Questions (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Bernstein, Jay, ‘Trust: on the real but almost always unnoticed, ever-changing foundation of ethical life’, Metaphilosophy 42 (2011), 395416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blattner, W., ‘The concept of death in Being and Time’, Man and World 27 (1994) 4970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carel, Havi, Life and death in Freud and Heidegger (New York: Rodopi, 2006a).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carel, Havi, ‘Moral and epistemic ambiguity in Oedipus Rex’, Janus Head 9 (2006b), 91109.Google Scholar
Carel, Havi, ‘Temporal finitude and finitude of possibility: the double meaning of death in Being and Time’, International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 15 (2007a), 541–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carel, Havi, ‘Can I be ill and happy?’, Philosophia 35 (2007b), 95110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carel, Havi, Phenomenology of illness, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016a).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carel, Havi, ‘Virtue without excellence, excellence without health’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 90 (2016b), 237–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carel, Havi, Illness: the cry of the flesh (3rd edition) (London: Routledge, 2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carel, Havi and Kidd, Ian James, ‘Expanding transformative experience’, European Journal of Philosophy 28 (2019), 199213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carel, Havi, and Kidd, Ian James, ‘Vulnerabilised persons in illness and disability’, Journal of Philosophy of disability (Forthcoming).Google Scholar
Cosgrove, Matthew, What are ‘true’ doxai worth to Parmenides? Essaying a fresh look at his cosmology, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 46 (2014) 132.Google Scholar
Ehrenreich, Barbara, Smile or die: how positive thinking fooled America and the world, (London: Granta Books, 2010).Google Scholar
Epictetus, , The works of Epictetus.,Trans. Higginson, T. W. (Boston: Little, Brown and co, 1891).Google Scholar
Fränkel, Hermann, ‘Man's “ephēmeros” nature according to Pindar and others’, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 77 (1946) 131–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Froese, Tom, Broome, Matthew, Carel, Havi, Humpston, Clara, Malpass, Alice, Mori, Tomoari, Ratcliffe, Matthew, Rodrigues, Jamila and Sangati, Federico, ‘The Pandemic Experience: A Corpus of Subjective Reports on Life During the First Wave of COVID-19 in the UK, Japan, and Mexico’, Frontiers in Public Health (2021) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.725506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilligan, Carol, Mapping the moral domain: a contribution of women's thinking to psychological theory and education, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Gould, Thomas, ‘The Innocence of Oedipus: the Philosophers on Oedipus the King’. In Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, Harold, Bloom (ed.), (New York: Chelsea House, 1988) 4963.Google Scholar
Haidt, Jonathan, The happiness hypothesis, (London: William Heinemann, 2006).Google Scholar
Hatab, Lawrence, ‘Ethics and finitude: Heideggerian contributions to moral philosophy’, International Philosophical Quarterly 35(4) (1995), 403417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauskeller, Michael, ‘Ephemeroi – Human Vulnerability, Transhumanism, and the Meaning of Life’, Scientia et Fides 7 (2019), 921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heidegger, Martin, Being and time, (London: Blackwell, 1962 [1927]).Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin, The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude, (Bloomington IA: Indiana University Press, 1996 [1983]).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herodotus, , The Histories, Trans. Godley, A. D., (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1920).Google Scholar
Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer, Mother nature, (New York: Pantheon Books, 1999).Google Scholar
Inwood, Michael, A Heidegger Dictionary (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999).Google Scholar
Kidd, Ian James, ‘Can illness be edifying?’, Inquiry 55 (2012), 496520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitto, H.D.F., Sophocles, Dramatist and Philosopher, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958).Google Scholar
Lefkowitz, Mary, ‘Pindar's Pythian 8’, The Classical Journal 72 (1977), 209221.Google Scholar
Levi, Primo, If this is a man & the truce, (London: Abacus, 1979).Google Scholar
MacIntyre, Alasdair, Dependent, Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues (London: Duckworth, 1999).Google Scholar
Mackenzie, Catriona, Rogers, Wendy, and Dodds, Susan, Vulnerability: new essays in ethics and feminist philosophy, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Mulhall, S., ‘Human mortality: Heidegger on how to portray the impossible possibility of Dasein’, in Dreyfus, H. & Wrathall, M., The Blackwell companion to Heidegger, (London: Blackwell, 2005) 297310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, Thomas, ‘Death’, Noûs 4 (1970), 7380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha, The fragility of goodness: Luck and ethics in Greek tragedy and philosophy, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, L. A., Transformative experience, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruddick, Sarah, Maternal thinking, (New York: Ballantine Books, 1989).Google Scholar
Sophocles, , The Three Theban Plays. trans. Robert Fagles with an introduction by Bernard Knox, (New York & London: Penguin Books, 1984).Google Scholar
Stone, Alison, Being born, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szanto, Thomas and Moran, Dermot, Phenomenology of Sociality: Discovering the ‘We’, (London: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar
Tremain, Shelley, ‘Philosophy of Disability, Conceptual Engineering, and the Nursing-Home Industrial Complex in Canada’, International Journal of Critical Diversity Studies (in press, 2021).Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard, ‘The Makropulos case: reflections on the tedium of immortality’, In Problems of the Self, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973) 82100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar