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Investigating conditions that induce late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) using Northwestern US spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2021

Chang Liu Open the ORCID record for Chang Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Keiko M. Tuttle ,
Kimberly A. Garland Campbell Open the ORCID record for Kimberly A. Garland Campbell [Opens in a new window] ,
Michael O. Pumphrey Open the ORCID record for Michael O. Pumphrey [Opens in a new window]  and
Camille M. Steber Open the ORCID record for Camille M. Steber [Opens in a new window]
Chang Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 114 Johnson Hall, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA
Keiko M. Tuttle
Affiliation:
Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Kimberly A. Garland Campbell
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 114 Johnson Hall, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Unit, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA
Michael O. Pumphrey
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 114 Johnson Hall, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Camille M. Steber*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 114 Johnson Hall, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Unit, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Camille M. Steber, E-mail: camille.steber@usda.gov
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Abstract

The wheat industry rejects grain with unacceptably high α-amylase enzyme levels due to the risk of poor endproduct quality. There are two main causes of elevated grain α-amylase: (1) preharvest sprouting in response to rain before harvest and (2) late maturity α-amylase (LMA) induction in response to a cool temperature shock during late grain development. LMA induction was detected in a panel of 24 Northwestern US spring wheat lines. Thus, this problem previously described in Australian and U.K. varieties also exists in U.S. varieties. Because LMA induction results were highly variable using published methods, a characterization of LMA-inducing conditions was conducted in an LMA-susceptible soft white spring wheat line, WA8124. Problems with elevated α-amylase in untreated controls were reduced by raising the temperature, 25°C day/18°C night versus 20°C day/10°C night. LMA induction was not improved by colder temperatures (15°C day/4°C night) versus moderately cold temperatures (18°C day/7.5°C night or 10°C day/10°C night). While previous studies observed LMA induction by heat stress, it failed to induce LMA in WA8124. Thus, not all LMA-susceptible cultivars respond to heat. The timing of LMA susceptibility varied between two cultivars and within a single cultivar grown at slightly different temperatures. Thus, variability in LMA induction likely results from variability in the timing of the grain developmental stage during which cold shock induces LMA. Thus, it was concluded that the visual inspection of grain is needed to correctly identify LMA-sensitive spikes at the soft dough stage of grain development (Zadok's stage 85).

Keywords

alpha-amylasefalling number methodlate maturity alpha-amylaseTriticum aestivumwheat
Type
Technical Update
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , September 2021 , pp. 169 - 177
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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