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Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2014

Leah Rosental ,
Hiroyuki Nonogaki  and
Aaron Fait
Leah Rosental
Affiliation:
French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990Israel
Hiroyuki Nonogaki
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Aaron Fait*
Affiliation:
French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990Israel
*
*Correspondence E-mail: fait@bgu.ac.il
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Abstract

Seed germination is regulated in a concerted manner that involves generating growth potential in the embryo to overcome the mechanical resistance of the endosperm. The wake-up call of a dry seed includes the reorganization of subcellular structures and the reactivation of metabolism in a dense, oxygen-poor environment. Pools of unbound metabolites and solutes produced by the degradation of storage reserves, including starch, proteins and oils, in the embryo can contribute to the generation of the embryo growth potential and radicle protrusion. Recent genomics studies have contributed a vast amount of data on protein, metabolite and gene transcript profiles during germination, which can be integrated to explore the seed metabolism from water imbibition to radicle protrusion. To what extent are free pools of metabolites relevant to the reorganization of seed metabolism? How is energy built to support embryo growth and radicle protrusion? Elucidating these fundamental questions in seed biology is the key to the understanding of the germination process. Here we have attempted to summarize the recent scientific knowledge to provide a comprehensive description of the ignition, reassembling and regulation of metabolism during seed germination.

Keywords

carbon metabolismenergy metabolismimbibitionseed germinationseed metabolism
Type
Review Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 1 - 15
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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