Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T14:42:56.185Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed quality assessment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Miller B. McDonald
Miller B. McDonald*
Affiliation:
Seed Biology Program, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1086, USA
*
*+1-614-292-7162mcdonald.2@osu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Growers expect high-quality, genetically pure seed. As a result, seed companies maintain quality control programmes that monitor seed from harvest to purchase. An array of ‘traditional’ seed quality tests, including mechanical tests and tests of genetic purity, seed germination and vigour, and seed health tests, is used, and seed quality assessment techniques continue to evolve. Advances in molecular genetics are allowing the release of new varieties differing essentially in one gene. New molecular biology approaches offer the potential to identify these subtle genetic differences. Advances in seed enhancements, such as pelleting, priming and pregermination, require increased scrutiny of seed quality before and after the enhancement process. New developments in computer imaging for improved purity and germination/vigour analyses are being developed. These novel approaches to seed quality assessment become important as new genetic improvements are conveyed in the seed at increased cost to the grower.

Keywords

computer imagingseed enhancementsseed healthviabilityvigour
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 1998 , pp. 265 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allefs, J, Salentijn, E, Krens, F A and Rouwendal, G (1990) Optimization of non-radioactive Southern blot hybridization of single copy detection and reuse of blots. Nucleic Acids Research 18, 6531–6535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Armstrong, H and McDonald, M B (1992) Effects of osmoconditioning on water uptake and electrical conductivity in soybean seeds. Seed Science and Technology 20, 391–400.Google Scholar
Association of Official Seed Analysts (1983) Seed vigour testing handbook. Contribution no. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. 93 pp.Google Scholar
Basavarajappa, B, Shetty, H S and Prakash, H S (1991) Membrane deterioration and other biochemical changes associated with accelerated ageing of maize seeds. Seed Science and Technology 22, 107–126.Google Scholar
Begnami, C N and Cortelazzo, A L (1996) Cellular alterations during accelerated aging of French bean seeds. Seed Science and Technology 24, 295–303.Google Scholar
Bell, G E, McDonald, M B, Danneberger, T K and St Martin, S K (1998) Sources of variation in computer imaging of electrophoretic gels. Crop Science, in press.Google Scholar
Berlage, A G, Cooper, T M and Aristazabal, J F (1987) Machine vision identification of diploid and tetraploid ryegrass seed. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 31, 24–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingham, I J, Harris, A and MacDonald, L (1994) A comparative study of radicle and coleoptile extension in maize seedlings from aged and unaged seeds. Seed Science and Technology 22, 127–139.Google Scholar
Callan, N W, Mathre, D E and Miller, J B (1991) Yield performance of sweet corn seed bio-primed and coated with Pseudomonas fluorescens AB254. HortScience 16, 1163–1165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capper, A L and Higgins, K P (1993) Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates to wheat as potential biological control agents against take-all. Plant Pathology 42, 560–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, W J (1989) Salvia splendens seed pregermination and priming for rapid and uniform plant emergence. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, 247–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, K P S (1985) The incidence of deterioration and its localization in aged seeds of soybean and barley. Seed Science and Technology 13, 769–773.Google Scholar
Coolbear, P, McGill, C R and Sakunnarak, U (1991) Susceptibility of pea seeds to acetone toxicity: interactions with seed moisture content and ageing treatments. Seed Science and Technology 19, 519–526.Google Scholar
Copeland, L O and McDonald, M B (1995) Principles of seed science and technology, 3rd edn.New York, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Cruz-Garcia, F, Gonzalez-Hernandez, V A, Molina-Moreno, J and Vazquez-Ramos, J K (1995) Seed deterioration and respiration as related to DNA metabolism in germinating maize. Seed Science and Technology 23, 477–486.Google Scholar
Dandurand, L M and Knudsen, G R (1993) Influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens on hyphal growth and biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of pea. Phytopathology 83, 265–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, G and Sen-Mandi, S (1992) Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining pattern of differentially aged wheat seed embryos. Seed Science and Technology 20, 367–373.Google Scholar
Dell'Aquila, A and DiTuri, M (1995) Deterioration of wheat seeds under subfreezing temperatures and related protein synthesis in germinating embryos. Seed Science and Technology 23, 551–561.Google Scholar
Ding, X S, Cockbain, A J and Govier, D (1992) Improvements in the detection of pea seed-borne mosaic virus by ELISA. Annals of Applied Biology 121, 75–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, S K, Juvik, J A and Splittstoesser, W E (1993) Sweet corn seedling emergence and variation in kernel carbohydrate reserves. Seed Science and Technology 21, 433–445.Google Scholar
Egli, D B and TeKrony, D M (1996) Seedbed conditions and prediction of field emergence of soybean seed. Journal of Production Agriculture 9, 365–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Refai, A A, Harras, H M, El-Nemor, K M and Noaman, M A (1988) Chemical and technological studies of faba bean seeds. I. Effect of storage on some physical and chemical properties. Food Chemistry 29, 27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, J M, TeKrony, D M and Egli, D B (1990) Changes during early soybean seed and axis deterioration. II. Lipids. Crop Science 30, 179–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finch-Savage, W E, Gray, D and Dickson, G M (1991) The combined effects of osmotic priming with plant growth regulators and fungicide soaks on the seed quality of five bedding plant species. Seed Science and Technology 19, 495–503.Google Scholar
Fly, E E, Wilhoit, J, Kutz, L and South, D (1992) A low cost machine vision system for seedling morphological measurement. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, paper no. 92–3030. St Joseph, Michigan.Google Scholar
Franken, A.A.J.M. and Van Vuurde, J W L (1990) Problems and new approaches in the use of serology for seed-borne bacteria. Seed Science and Technology 18, 415–426.Google Scholar
Frett, J J, Pill, W G and Morneau, D C (1991) A comparison of priming agents for tomato and asparagus seeds. HortScience 26, 1158–1159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furman, K C, Woodstock, L W and Solomos, T (1987) Interfacing the ASAC-1000 seed analyzer with an IBMPC microcomputer using the BASIC program ASACSTAT. Journal of Seed Technology 11, 79–87.Google Scholar
Ganguli, S and Sen-Mandi, S (1990) Some physiological differences between naturally and artificially aged wheat seeds. Seed Science and Technology 18, 507–514.Google Scholar
Gardner, H W, Dornbos, D L and Desjardins, A E (1990) Hexanal, trans-2–2 hexenal, and trans-2 nonenal inhibit soybean, Glycine max, seed germination. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 38, 1316–1320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, B and Chaudhuri, M M (1984) Ribonucleic acid breakdown and loss of viability of rice embryos (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Science and Technology 12, 669–677.Google Scholar
Giacomelli, G A, Ling, P P and Morden, R E (1996) An automated plant monitoring system using machine vision. Acta Horticulturae 440, 377–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, I J, Schmitthenner, A F and McDonald, M B (1993) Effect of storage fungi on seed vigour of soybean. Seed Science and Technology 21, 581–591.Google Scholar
Halder, S, Kole, S and Gupta, K (1983) On the mechanism of sunflower seed deterioration under two different types of accelerated ageing. Seed Science and Technology 11, 331–339.Google Scholar
Hampton, J G (1995) Conductivity test. pp 10–28in van de Venter, H A (Ed.) ISTA seed vigour testing seminar. Copenhagen, ISTA.Google Scholar
Hannan, R M and Hill, H H Jr. (1991) Differences in lipid profiles from fresh and aged lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed determined by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography and GC/mass spectrometry. Journal of Seed Technology 15, 79–90.Google Scholar
Herter, U and Burris, J S (1989) Evaluating drying injury in corn seed with a conductivity test. Seed Science and Technology 17, 625–638.Google Scholar
Hirvonen, J, Hamalainen, J and Murmann, K (1992) Automated inspection of plants. Acta Horticulturae 304, 137–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howarth, M S and Stanwood, P C (1993a) Measurement of seedling growth rate by machine vision. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 36, 959–963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howarth, M S and Stanwood, P C (1993b) Tetrazolium staining viability seed test using color image processing. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 36, 1937–1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howarth, M S and Stanwood, P C (1994) Extracting 3-D information using 2-D images of seeds. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 10, 175–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Y G and Zou, Q (1989) Effects of osmoconditioning and drying on germination of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica and Larix gmelinii seeds. Seed Science and Technology 17, 235–242.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, A E, TeKrony, D M and Egli, D B (1993) Accelerated aging techniques for evaluating sorghum seed vigour. Journal of Seed Technology 17, 29–38.Google Scholar
Jensen, P I and Ison, R L (1994) Hydration–dehydration and subsequent storage effects on seed of the self-regenerating annuals Trifolium balansae and T. resupinatum. Seed Science and Technology 22, 435–447.Google Scholar
Kalpana, R and Madhava Rao, K V (1993) Lowered lipoxygenase activity in seeds of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars. Seed Science and Technology 21, 269–272.Google Scholar
Kalpana, R and Madhava Rao, K V (1994) Absence of the role of lipid peroxidation during accelerated ageing of seeds of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars. Seed Science and Technology 22, 253–260.Google Scholar
Kalpana, R and Madhava Rao, K V (1995) On the ageing mechanism in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars. Seed Science and Technology 23, 1–9.Google Scholar
Kalpana, R and Madhava Rao, K V (1996) Lipid changes during ageing of seeds of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars. Seed Science and Technology 24, 475–485.Google Scholar
Khan, A A, Maguire, J D, Abawi, G S and Ilyas, S (1992) Matriconditioning of vegetable seeds to improve stand establishment in early field plantings. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, 41–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kononkov, P F and Dudina, Z N (1986) Fungi on vegetable crop seeds stored in conditions of high relative humidity and temperature. Seed Science and Technology 14, 675–684.Google Scholar
Krishnasamy, V and Seshu, D V (1989) Sequence of deterioration in rice embryos during accelerated aging of seeds. Journal of Seed Technology 13, 19–23.Google Scholar
Kumar, B S and Dube, H C (1992) Seed bacterization with a fluorescent pseudomonas for enhanced plant growth, yield, and disease control. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24, 539–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamka, G L, Hill, J H, McGee, D C and Braun, E J (1991) Development of an immunosorbent assay for seedborne Erwinia stewartii. Phytopathology 81, 839–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, K, Paulsen, M R, Reid, J F and Bonifacio-Maghirang, E P (1993) Corn kernel breakage classification by machine vision using a neural network classifier. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 36, 1949–1954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liklatchev, B S, Zelensky, G V, Kiashko, G Y and Schevchenko, Z. N. (1984) Modelling of seed ageing. Seed Science and Technology 12, 385–393.Google Scholar
Ling, P P and Ruzhitsky, V N (1996) Machine vision techniques for measuring the canopy of tomato seedling. Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research 65, 85–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marquez-Millano, A, Elam, W W and Blanche, C A (1991) Influence of accelerated ageing on fatty acid composition of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. Elliottii) seeds. Journal of Seed Technology 15, 29–41.Google Scholar
Maude, R B, Drew, R L K, Gray, D, Bujalski, W and Nienow, A W (1994) The effect of storage on the germination of leek seeds primed and dried by different methods. Seed Science and Technology 22, 299–311.Google Scholar
Mauromicale, G and Cavallaro, Y (1995) Effects of seed osmopriming on germination of tomato at different water potential. Seed Science and Technology 23, 393–403.Google Scholar
McCormac, A C, Keefe, P D and Draper, S R (1990) Automated vigour testing of field vegetables using image analysis. Seed Science and Technology 18, 103–112.Google Scholar
McDonald, M B (1985) Physical seed quality of soybean. Seed Science and Technology 13, 601–628.Google Scholar
McDonald, M B (1990) Validation of starch gel electro-phoresis for corn seed purity determination. Proceedings of the Annual American Seed Trade Association Corn and Sorghum Research Conference 45, 43–53.Google Scholar
McDonald, M B (1995a) Genetic purity: from protein electrophoresis to RAPDs. Proceedings of the Annual American Seed Trade Association Corn and Sorghum Research Conference 50, 256–271.Google Scholar
McDonald, M B (1995b) Standardization of seed vigour tests. pp 88–97in van de Venter, H A (Ed.) ISTA seed vigour testing seminar. Copenhagen, ISTA.Google Scholar
McDonald, M B, Elliot, L J and Sweeney, P M (1994) DNA extraction from dry seeds for RAPD analyses in varietal identification studies. Seed Science and Technology 22, 171–176.Google Scholar
McGee, D C (1995) Epidemiological approach to disease management through seed technology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 33, 445–466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Misra, M K (1989) Computer vision for soybeans. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, paper no. 89–3001. Quebec, ASAE.Google Scholar
Misra, M K, Koerner, B, Pate, A and Burger, C P (1990) Acoustic properties of soybeans. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 33, 671–677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno, M E and Ramirez, J (1985) Protective effect of fungicides on corn stored with low and high moisture contents. Seed Science and Technology 38, 285–290.Google Scholar
Nautiyal, A R, Thapliyal, A P and Purohit, A N (1985) Seed viability in sal. IV. Protein changes accompanying loss of viability in Shorea robusta. Seed Science and Technology 13, 83–86.Google Scholar
Nickerson, D A, Kaiser, R, Lappin, S, Stewart, J, Hood, L and Landegren, U (1990) Automated DNA diagnostics using an ELISA-based oligonucleotide ligation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 87, 8923–8927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oluoch, M O and Welbaum, G E (1996) Effect of postharvest washing and post-storage priming on viability and vigour of six-year-old muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds from eight stages of development. Seed Science and Technology 24, 195–209.Google Scholar
Onesirosan, P T (1986) Effect of moisture content and storage duration on the level of fungal invasion and germination of winged bean (Phosphocarpus tetragonolobus [L.] D.C.). Seed Science and Technology 14, 355–359.Google Scholar
Pandey, D K (1989) Short duration accelerated ageing of French bean seeds in hot water. Seed Science and Technology 17, 107–114.Google Scholar
Panigrahi, S, Misra, M K, Bern, C and Marley, S (1995) Background segmentation and dimensional measurement of corn germplasm. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 38, 291–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paran, I and Michelmore, R W (1993) Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 85, 985–993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parera, C, Cantliffe, D J, McCarty, D R and Hannah, L C (1996) Improving vigour in shrunken-2 sweet corn by seed disinfections and solid matrix priming. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, 942–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-Garcia, F, Pita, J M, Gonzalez-Benito, M E and Iriondon, J M (1995) Effects of light, temperature, and seed priming on germination of celery seeds. Seed Science and Technology 23, 377–383.Google Scholar
Persson, B (1988) Enhancement of seed germination by plant growth regulators infused via acetone. Seed Science and Technology 16, 391–404.Google Scholar
Peterson, P E H and Krutz, G W (1992) Automatic identification of weed seeds by colour machine vision. Seed Science and Technology 20, 193–208.Google Scholar
Powell, A A (1986) Cell membranes and seed leachate conductivity in relation to the quality of seed for soaking. Journal of Seed Technology 10, 81–100.Google Scholar
Powell, A A and Harman, G E (1985) Absence of a consistent association of changes in membranal lipids with the ageing of pea seeds. Seed Science and Technology 13, 659–667.Google Scholar
Priestley, D A and Leopold, A C (1983) Lipid changes during natural ageing of soybean seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 59, 467–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priestley, D A, Werner, B G and Leopold, A C (1985) The susceptibility of soybean seed lipids to artificially enhanced atmospheric oxidation. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 1653–1659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prossen, D, Hatziloukas, E, Schaad, N W and Panopoulos, N J (1993) Specific detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola DNA in bean seed by polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of a phaseolotoxin gene region. Phytopathology 83, 965–970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafalski, J A and Tingey, S V (1993) Genetic diagnostics in plant breeding: RAPDs, microsatellites and machines. Trends in Genetics 9, 275–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ram, C and Wiesner, L E (1988) Effect of artificial ageing on physiological and biochemical parameters of seed quality in wheat. Seed Science and Technology 16, 11–18.Google Scholar
Rao, K V M and Kalpana, R (1994) Carbohydrates and the ageing process in seeds of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars. Seed Science and Technology 22, 495–501.Google Scholar
Ray, M B, Halder, S and Gupta, K (1990) Differential responses of early and late cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds under accelerated ageing. Seed Science and Technology 18, 823–831.Google Scholar
Rowse, H R (1996) Drum-priming – a non-osmotic method of priming seeds. Seed Science and Technology 24, 281–294.Google Scholar
Sanchez de Jimenez, E, Sepulveda, G, Reynoso, E, Molina-Galan, J and Albores, M (1991) Long-term maize seed storage and loss of viability: polyamines and auxin contents during germination. Seed Science and Technology 19, 83–92.Google Scholar
Sase, S, Nara, M, Okuya, T and Sueyoshi, K (1992) Determining seedling characteristics using computer vision and its application to an expert system for grading seedlings. Acta Horticulturae 319, 683–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaad, N W, Azad, H, Peet, R C and Panopoulos, N J (1989) Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola by a DNA hybridization probe. Phytopathology 79, 903–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shekaramurthy, S, Patkar, K L, Shetty, S A, Prakash, H S and Shetty, H S (1994) Effect of thiram treatment on sorghum seed quality in relation to accelerated aging. Seed Science and Technology 22, 607–617.Google Scholar
Shyy, Y Y and Misra, M K (1989) Color image analysis for soybean quality determination. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, paper no. 89–3572. New Orleans, Louisiana, ASAE.Google Scholar
Shyy, Y Y and Misra, M K (1992) High-speed ultrasound signal analysis. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, paper no. 92–3008. Charlotte, North Carolina, ASAE.Google Scholar
Singh, B and Amritphale, D (1993) Effects of dry permeated gibberellic acid and benzyladenine on germinability of soybean seeds during storage. Seed Science and Technology 21, 351–357.Google Scholar
Sivritepe, H O and Dourado, A M (1994) The effects of humidification treatments on viability and the accumulation of chromosomal aberrations in pea seeds. Seed Science and Technology 21, 351–357.Google Scholar
Smith, M T (1989) The ultrastructure of physiological necrosis in cotyledons of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). Seed Science and Technology 17, 453–462.Google Scholar
Sung, F J M and Chang, Y H (1993) Biochemical activities associated with priming of sweet corn seeds to improve vigour. Seed Science and Technology 21, 97–105.Google Scholar
Tai, Y W, Ling, P P and Ting, K C (1994) Machine vision assisted robotic seedling transplanting. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 37, 661–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A G, Lee, S S, Beresniewicz, M M and Paine, D H (1995) Amino acid leakage from aged vegetable seeds. Seed Science and Technology 23, 113–122.Google Scholar
TeKrony, D M (1995) Accelerated ageing. pp 53–72in van de Venter, H A (Ed.) ISTA vigour test seminar. Copenhagen, ISTA.Google Scholar
TeKrony, D M and Egli, D B (1997) Relationship between standard germination, accelerated ageing germination and field emergence in soyabean. pp 593–600in Ellis, R H, Black, M, Murdoch, A J, Hong, T D (Eds) Basic and applied aspects of seed biology. Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TeKrony, D M and Hunter, J L (1995) Effect of seed maturation and genotype on seed vigour in maize. Crop Science 35, 857–862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tijessen, P (1985) Practice and theory of enzyme immunoassay. New York, Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
Trawatha, S E, TeKrony, D M and Hildebrand, D F (1995a) Soybean lipoxygenase mutants and seed longevity. Crop Science 35, 862–868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trawatha, S E, TeKrony, D M and Hildebrand, D F (1995b) Relationship of soybean seed quality to fatty acid and C6-aldehyde levels during storage. Crop Science 35, 1415–1422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyagi, C S (1992) Evaluating viability and vigour in soybean seed with automatic seed analyzer. Seed Science and Technology 20, 719–721.Google Scholar
Van Pijlen, J G, Kraak, H L, Bino, R J and De Vos, C H R (1995) Effects of ageing and osmopriming on germination characteristics and chromosome aberrations of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds. Seed Science and Technology 23, 823–830.Google Scholar
Vertucci, C W and Leopold, A C (1984) Bound water in soybean seed and its relation to respiration and imbibitional damage. Plant Physiology 75, 114–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, D O and McDonald, M B (1986a) The lipid peroxidation model of seed deterioration. Seed Science and Technology 14, 269–300.Google Scholar
Wilson, D O and McDonald, M B (1986b) A convenient volatile aldehyde assay for measuring seed vigour. Seed Science and Technology 14, 259–268.Google Scholar
Wu, D Y, Ugozzoli, L, Pal, B K and Wallace, R B (1989) Allele specific enzymatic amplification of β-globin genomic DNA for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 86, 2757–2760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yao, C L, Magill, C W, Frederiksen, R A, Bonde, M R, Wang, Y and Pin-shan, W (1991) Detection and identification of Peronosclersopora sacchari in maize by DNA hybridization. Phytopathology 81, 901–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeoung, Y R, Wilson, D O and Murray, G A (1996) Germination performance and loss of late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins during muskmelon seed priming. Seed Science and Technology 24, 429–441.Google Scholar
Zhang, J and McDonald, M B (1996) The saturated salt accelerated aging test for small-seeded crops. Seed Science and Technology 25, 123–131.Google Scholar
Zhang, M, Lui, Y, Torii, I, Sasaki, H and Esashi, Y (1993) Evolution of volatile compounds by seeds during storage periods. Seed Science and Technology 21, 359–373.Google Scholar
Zhang, M, Yajima, H, Umezawa, Y, Nakagawa, Y and Esashi, Y (1995) GC-MS identification of volatile compounds evolved by dry seeds in relation to storage conditions. Seed Science and Technology 23, 59–68.Google Scholar
Zhang, J, McDonald, M B and Sweeney, P M (1996a) Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) from seeds of differing soybean and maize genoytpes. Seed Science and Technology 24, 513–522.Google Scholar
Zhang, J, McDonald, M B and Sweeney, P M (1996b) Soybean cultivar identification using RAPD. Seed Science and Technology 24, 589–592.Google Scholar
Zhang, J, McDonald, M B and Sweeney, P M (1997) Testing for genetic purity in petunia and cyclamen seed using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. HortScience 32, 246–247.Google Scholar