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Soybean somatic embryo maturation: composition, respiration and water relations1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

J. Slawinska  and
R. L. Obendorf
J. Slawinska
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, Department of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, 619 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA
R. L. Obendorf*
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, Department of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, 619 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA
*
* Correspondence
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Abstract

Embryogenesis was induced on cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) placed on solid medium containing 62.5 mm glutamine, soybean seed growth medium salts and vitamins, and 40 mg I−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus 175 mm maltose, or 8 mg I−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 88 mM sucrose. Somatic embryo development was continued in liquid medium containing 0.16 mg I−1 indole-3-butyric acid and 2.64 mg I−1 abscisic acid, glutamine and salts as above, and 88–438 mM sucrose in progressively increasing steps. Germination was on solid half-strength Murashige-Skoog medium. During maturation, somatic embryos mimicked zygotic embryos in colour, protein concentration, water and solute potentials, and respiration. Protein and lipid accumulated to 329 and 86 g kg−1 dry weight in somatic embryos. Fatty acid composition was similar to that of axes of mature seeds. Before desiccation, the water and solute potentials of maturing somatic embryos declined to −1.13 and −1.99 MPa while turgor increased to 0.86 MPa. Concomitantly, a 60% reduction in activity of the cytochrome oxidase pathway of respiration occurred with somatic embryo maturation at 600 g water kg−1 fresh weight. Although small (about 8 mg per embryo), 60% of the somatic embryos formed roots and shoots during germination after maturation without drying and 30% germinated after drying to 60 g water kg−1 fresh weight. In the greenhouse, somatic plantlets grew to mature plants with seeds.

Keywords

germinationGlycine max (L.) Merrilllipidproteinrespirationsomatic embryogenesissoybean synthetic seedwater relations
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 1 , Issue 4 , December 1991 , pp. 251 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

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Footnotes

2

Permanent address: Plant Physiology Department, Horticultural Faculty, Agricultural University, 31–425 Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, Poland.

1

Contribution from the Department of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, and published as SCAS Department Series Paper 1613. Presented to the Tissue Culture Association Special Plant Symposium ‘Synthetic Seeds’, Las Vegas, 16 June 1988. Partial support for J.S. was obtained from the Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation, Inc.

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