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Clinical Spanish Norms of the Stroop Test for Traumatic Brain Injury and Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2014

Genny Lubrini ,
José A. Periañez ,
Marco Rios-Lago ,
Raquel Viejo-Sobera ,
Rosa Ayesa-Arriola ,
Ignacio Sanchez-Cubillo ,
Benedicto Crespo-Facorro ,
Juan Álvarez-Linera ,
Daniel Adrover-Roig  and
José M. Rodriguez-Sanchez
Genny Lubrini
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario La Paz (Spain)
José A. Periañez*
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Marco Rios-Lago
Affiliation:
UNED (Spain)
Raquel Viejo-Sobera
Affiliation:
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Spain)
Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
Affiliation:
CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (Spain)
Ignacio Sanchez-Cubillo
Affiliation:
Red Menni de Servicios de Atención al Daño Cerebral (Spain)
Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
Affiliation:
CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (Spain)
Juan Álvarez-Linera
Affiliation:
Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid (Spain)
Daniel Adrover-Roig
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
José M. Rodriguez-Sanchez
Affiliation:
CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jose A. Periáñez. Dept. Psicología Básica II. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Campus de Somosaguas. 28223. Madrid (Spain). Phone: +34–913943181. Fax: +34–913943189. E-mail: japerianez@psi.ucm.es
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Abstract

The Stroop Color-Word Test is a useful tool to evaluate executive attention and speed of processing. Recent studies have provided norms for different populations of healthy individuals to avoid misinterpretation of scores due to demographic and cultural differences. In addition, clinical norms may improve the assessment of cognitive dysfunction severity and its clinical course. Spanish normative data are provided for 158 closed traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 149 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCH) patients. A group of 285 Spanish healthy individuals (HC) was also considered for comparison purposes. Differences between groups were found in all Stroop scores with HC outperforming both clinical groups (p < .002 in all cases; d > .3 in all cases). TBI patients scored lower than SCH patients in word-reading (p < .001 and d = .6), and color-naming conditions (p < .001 and d = .4), but not in the color-word condition (p = .34 and d = .03). However, SCH patients exhibited a higher interference effect as compared to TBI (p < .002 and d = .5). Three sets of norms stratified by age and education (HC), and by education (TBI and SCH) are presented for clinical use.

Keywords

attentionclinical normsinterference controlschizophreniatraumatic brain injury

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 17 , 2014 , E96
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2014 

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