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Gender in Sarawak: Mission and Reception

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Extract

The interaction of gender and religion affects a developing as much as a developed church. A missionary church raises appropriate issues not merely as they affect those spreading the message, but as they affect the receivers, both immediately and in a later period of establishment. This paper deals with such matters as they appear in the history of the Anglican Church in Sarawak, where the missionary activity began in 1848.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1998

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References

1 Bunyon, Charles John, Memoires of Francis Thomas McDougall… and of Harriette his Wife (London, 1889), p. 21.Google Scholar

2 Bosch, David J., Transforming Mission (New York, 1991), p. 328.Google Scholar

3 Bunyon, Memoires, p. 21.

4 For the history of the Anglican Church in Sarawak see Saunders, Graham, Bishops and Brookes (Singapore, 1992)Google Scholar; Taylor, Brian, The Anglican Church in Borneo 1848–1962 (Bognor, 1983)Google Scholar; from 1909 The Chronicle, the magazine of the Borneo Mission Association (the name was changed to The Borneo Chronicle in 1934).

5 McDougall, Harriette, Sketches of Our Life at Sarawak (London, 1882), p. 20 Google Scholar. Further information about the early attempts can be found in this book, and, with later developments, in Brian Taylor and Pamela Mildmay Heyward, The Kuching Anglican Schools (Kuching, 1973). For mission schools, not only Anglican, see Ooi Keat Gin, ‘Mission education in Sarawak during the period of Brooke rule, 1840–1946’, Sarawak Museum Journal [hereafter SMJ], 42, ns no. 63 (1991), pp. 283–373.

6 Bunyon, Memoires, p. 44.

7 Ibid., p. 182.

8 Thompson, H. P., Into All Lands (London, 1951), p. 657.Google Scholar

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10 Tee Hock, Joseph Ko, ‘A socioeconomic study of the Iban today’, SMJ, 40, ns no. 61 (1989), Part 4, p. 81.Google Scholar

11 John Perham, articles in The Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1878–87; William Howell, articles written for the Sarawak Gazette, collected in Anthony Richards, ed., The Sea Dyaks and other Races of Sarawak (Kuching, 1963); also idem, Sarawak-Historical Notes [written c. 1928] (Guildford, 1993).

12 McDougall, Sketches, pp. 73–5.

13 Morrison, Hedda, Sarawak, 2nd edn (Singapore, 1965), p. 217.Google Scholar

14 Brooke, Charles, Ten Years in Sarawak, 2 vols (London, 1866), I, pp. 66, 70.Google Scholar

15 Mashman, Valerie, ‘Warriors and weavers: a study of gender relations among the Iban of Sarawak’, in Sutlive, Vinson H., ed., Female and Male in Borneo (Williamsburg, 1990), p. 246.Google Scholar

16 Ko, ‘Socioeconomic study’, p. 82.

17 For Belabut see Varney, Peter D., ‘Some early Iban leaders in tbe Anglican Church in Sarawak’, SMJ, 40, ns nos 34–35 (1969), p. 276.Google Scholar

18 Fr Dennis Gimang to the author, 28 Mar. 1996.

19 For Linton see Taylor, Brian, ‘A triumph of patience and purposefulness: Linton of Betong’, SCH, 28 (1989), pp. 43344.Google Scholar

20 With a new constitution, the members were called sisters from 1944.

21 Borneo Chronicle (Mar. 1958), p. 4.

22 Borneo Chronicle (Aug. 1963), p. 3.

23 Sister Ena Florence to the author, Mar. 1994.

24 For further information see Rooney, John, Khabar Gembira (London and Kota Kinabalu, 1981)Google Scholar. Up-to-date details have been received from the Vicar General, Fr John Ha to the author, 2 April, 1 July 1996.

25 Rooney, Khabar Gembira, p. 87.

26 Brother Alfred Boon Kong to the author, 10 July 1996.