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The Oxford Movement as Religious Revival and Resurgence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Peter B. Nockles*
Affiliation:
John Rylands Library, University of Manchester

Extract

It was ‘one of the most wonderful revivals in church history’, to be compared to the religious revival in the ‘days of Josiah towards the close of the Jewish monarchy’. This extravagant comment referred not to the Evangelical Revival of the eighteenth century, that paradigm of all religious revivals, but to something which the author, writing in 1912, characterized as ‘the Catholic Revival’.

The idea of a revival or resurgence in either the individual soul or the life of the Church as a whole is as old as Christian history. Yet in the vast recent explosion of scholarship on the subject of religious revival, the term itself and whole framework of discussion continues to be applied primarily to Protestant Evangelicalism. While religious resurgence has not been tied to a specific theological or denominational tradition, religious revival (which is often classified in terms of a hierarchy of significance from ‘Awakenings’ downwards) and especially ‘revivalism’ (a term used to describe religious movements of enthusiasm) has tended to become synonymous with Evangelicalism.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2008

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References

1 Denison, H. P., The Catholic Revival: a Retrospect and a Warning (Bath, 1912), 11 Google Scholar.

2 Walker, A. and Aune, K., eds, On Revival: a Critical Examination (London, 2003), introduction, xxiii Google Scholar.

3 Church, R. W., The Oxford Movement: Twelve Years, 1833–1845 (London, 1892)Google Scholar, ch. 19.

4 Fr James Pereiro discovered and identified this document in the papers of the Borthwick Institute and it has been included in an appendix to a recent publication by him. 1 owe this reference to him. See York, Borthwick Institute, Halifax Papers, Box A2 42.3, S.F. Wood, The Revival of Primitive Doctrine [1840]. Samuel Francis Wood (1809–43), matriculated from Oriel College in February 1827 and was one of the last fruits of Newman’s tutorial methods before they were ended by Provost Hawkins. He was the second son of Sir Francis Lindley Wood, Bart. His elder brother, Charles, became the first Viscount Halifax. For Fr Pereiro’s edition of Wood’s manuscript, see Pereiro, J., ‘Ethos’ and the Oxford Movement: At the Heart of Tractarianism (Oxford, 2007), 25265 CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also 40–2, and esp. 65–71, for further discussion of the Oxford Movement as a religious revival to which the author is indebted.

5 See Nockles, P. B., The Oxford Movement in Context: Anglican High Churchmanship, 1760–1857 (Cambridge, 1994), 36 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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7 Newman, J. H., ‘Prospects of the Anglican Church’, Essays Critical and Historical, 2 vols (London, 1871), 1: 268 Google Scholar (originally published as The State of Religious Parties’, British Critic [April, 1839]).

8 The convert Newman himself argued this line persuasively in his Lectures on Certain Difficulties Felt by Anglicans in Submitting to the Catholic Church (London, 1850).

9 ‘What Might Have Been’, ‘Cardinal Newman’, Oxford, Magdalen College, Bloxam Papers, Ms. 306, 152.

10 Overton, J. H., The Anglican Revival (London, 1897)Google Scholar; Brilioth, Y., The Anglican Revival: Studies in the Oxford Movement (London, 1925)Google Scholar.

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13 Ibid., 5.

14 See, for example, Noll, M. A., The Rise of Evangelicalism: the Age of Edwards, Whitefield and the Wesleys (Leicester, 2004)Google Scholar.

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17 Ibid., 1–11.

18 Wilson, Revival of Spiritual Religion, 5–6. Francis Close, Dean of Carlisle, and a promi nent Evangelical, in spite of his virulent anti-Tractarian strictures, was also ready to concede the spiritual ‘revival’ dimension of Tractarianism and that Evangelicals needed to be unremitting in pursuit of holiness. See F. Close, The “Catholic Revival”; or Ritualism and Romanism in the Church of England, illustrated from “The Church and the World”: a paper read at the annual meeting of “The Evangelical Union of the Dioceses of Carlisle”, printed and published at their request (London, 1866).

19 Ibid., 6.

20 Ibid.

21 Ibid., 14.

22 Ibid., 14–15.

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24 See Brilioth, , Anglican Revival, 1678 Google Scholar.

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27 Bebbington, Evangelicalism in Modern Britain, 96.

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