Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T06:42:19.764Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Delusional Infestation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2018

Michael Morris*
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN; New England Huntington's Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Extract

The patient who develops the delusional conviction that he/she is infested with small organisms, such as mites or insects, has been recognised in the medical literature for over a century. A wide range of descriptive terms — ‘dermatophobia’ ‘acarophobia’, ‘parasitophobia’ and ‘entomophobia’ (Table 1) have been applied to this symptom. Such terminology is now inappropriate but it has continued to be used until relatively recently: Pope (1970), for example, defined parasitophobia as “a delusional state in which there are sensations of infestation of the skin by insects”.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aleshire, I. (1954) Delusions of parasitosis: report of successful care with antipellagrous treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 155, 1517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andrews, E., Bellard, J. & Walter-Ryan, W. G. (1986) Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis manifesting as delusions of infestation: case studies of treatment with haloperidol. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 188190.Google Scholar
Berrios, G. E. (1982) Tactile hallucinations: conceptual and historical aspects. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 45, 285293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berrios, G. E. (1985) Delusional parasitosis and physical disease. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 26, 395403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bers, N. & Conrad, K. (1954) Die chronische taktile Halluzinose. Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie und ihrer Grenzgebiete (Stuttgart), 22, 254270.Google Scholar
Bleumel, C. S. (1938) The Troubled Mind. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Busch, G. (1960) Syndrom des wahnhaften Ungezieferbefalls bei einem Diabetiker. Zeitscheift fur die gesamte Inn Medizin, 15, 411417.Google Scholar
Cornbleet, T. & Brown, M. (1948) Dermatologic manifestations in psychiatric disorders. Journal of the American Medical Association, 136, 152157.Google Scholar
Edwards, R. (1977) Delusions of parasitosis. British Medical Journal, i, 1219.Google Scholar
Ekbom, K. A. (1938) Der präsenile Dermatozoenwahn. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, 13, 227259.Google Scholar
Eller, J. J. (1929) Neurogenic and psychogenic disorders of the skin. Medical Journal and Record, 129, 675679.Google Scholar
Elpern, D. J. (1988) Cocaine abuse and delusions of parasitosis. Cutis, 42, 504.Google ScholarPubMed
Fish, F. (1974) Clinical Psychopathology (ed. Hamilton, M. A.). Bristol: Wright.Google Scholar
Giacardy, P. (1923) Un cas d'acarophobie familiale. Journal de Medicine Bordeaux, 53, 479480.Google Scholar
Gould, W. M. & Gragg, T. M. (1976) Delusions of parasitosis: an approach to the problem. Archives of Dermatology, 112, 17451748.Google Scholar
Gr⊘n, K. (1925) Les dermatophobies. Förh Nordisk Dermatologist Förening, 6, 7078.Google Scholar
Hamann, K. & Avnstorp, C. (1982) Delusions of infestation treated by pimozide: a double-blind crossover clinical study. Acta Dermato-Venerologica, 62, 5558.Google Scholar
Harbauer, H. (1949) Das Syndrom des “Dermatozoenwahns” (Ekbom). Nervenarzt, 20, 254258.Google Scholar
Helmchen, H. (1961) Zur Analyse des sog. Dermatozoenwahns. Beitrag zur Syndrom-Genese. Nervenarzt, 32, 509513.Google Scholar
Hermans, E. H. (1963) Dermato-Venereologia: Classificatio Generalis et Classificatio Aetiologica. Leiden: Stafleu & Zoon.Google Scholar
Hoffman, S. O. (1973) Rückbildung eines sog. Dermatozoenwahns nach Schrittmacherimplantation. Zum problem der symptomatischen Psychosen bei Herzkrankheiten. Nervenarzt, 44, 4851.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, G. (1970) Delusions of infestation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 46, 111119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunt, N. J. & Blacker, V. R. (1987) Delusional parasitosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 713714.Google Scholar
Kirk, L. (1975) Ad notam. Amfetaminpsykose. Ugeskr Laeger, 137, 644.Google Scholar
Klauder, J. V. (1936) Psychogenic aspects of skin disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 85, 249273.Google Scholar
Ladee, G. A. (1966) Hypochondriacal syndromes. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Lancet, (1983) The matchbox sign. Lancet, i, 26.Google Scholar
Liebaldt, G. & Klages, W. (1961) Morphologische Befunde bei einer isolierten chronischen taktilen “Dermatozoenhalluzinose”. Versuch einer Deutung. Nervenarzt, 32, 157171.Google Scholar
Lyell, A. (1983) Delusions of parasitosis. British Journal of Dermatology, 108, 485499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macaskill, N. D. (1987) Delusions of parasitosis: successful nonpharmacological treatment of a folie à deux. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 261263.Google Scholar
MacNamara, E. D. (1928) A note on cutaneous and visual hallucinations in the chronic hallucinatory psychosis. Lancet, i, 807808.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M. (1970) The classification of phobic disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 377386.Google Scholar
McAndrews, J., Jung, R. & Dertes, V. (1956) Delusions of dermal parasitosis (acarophobia) manifested by folie à deux. Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society, 108, 279286.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, J.-A. & Sims, A. (1984) Co-existence of the Capgras and Ekbom syndromes. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 439443.Google Scholar
Mester, H. (1975) Induzierter, Dermatozoenwahn. Psychiatrica Clinica (Basel), 8, 339348.Google Scholar
Mick, R. L., Rosen, D. H. & Smith, R. C. (1987) Delusions of parasitosis: healing impact of the physician-patient relationship. Psychosomatics, 28, 596598.Google Scholar
Miller-Kreuser, E. (1962) Symptomenbild der chronischen taktilen Halluzinose bei Hypophysenveränderung. Medizinische Welt (Stuttgart), 2, 8891.Google Scholar
Mitchell, C. (1989) Successful treatment of chronic delusional parasitosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 556557.Google Scholar
Morris, M. (1989) Ekbom's syndrome. Psychiatric Bulletin, (Abstracts suppl. 2), 51.Google Scholar
Morris, M. & Jolley, D. J. (1987) Delusional infestation in late life. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, M., Moss, G. & Jolley, D. (1988) When delusions of infestation afflict the elderly. Geriatric Medicine, 18, 5760.Google Scholar
Munro, A. (1977) Delusions of parasitosis. British Medical Journal, i, 1219.Google Scholar
Munro, A. (1978a) Two cases of delusions of worm infestation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 234235.Google Scholar
Munro, A. (1978b) Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis manifesting as delusions of parasitosis: a description of four cases treated with pimozide. Archives of Dermatology, 114, 940943.Google Scholar
Munro, A. (1980) Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 24, 3438.Google Scholar
Musalek, M. & Kutzer, E. (1989) Psychiatric and parasitologic aspects of Dermatozoon delusion. Weiner Klinische Worhenschaft, 101, 153160.Google Scholar
Myerson, A. (1921) Two cases of acaraphobia. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 184, 635638.Google Scholar
Partridge, M. (1950) One operation cures three people: effect of prefrontal leukotomy on a case of folie à deux et demie. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 64, 792796.Google Scholar
Perrin, L. (1896) Des névrodermies parasitophobiques. Annates de Dermatologie et de Venereologic, 7, 129138.Google Scholar
Pope, F. M. (1970) Presenting symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. Practitioner, 204, 421422.Google Scholar
Reilly, T. M. (1976) Pimozide in monosymptomatic psychosis. Lancet, i, 13851386.Google Scholar
Reilly, T. M., Jopling, W. H. & Beard, A. W. (1978) Successful treatment with pimozide of delusional parasitosis. British Journal of Dermatology, 98, 457459.Google Scholar
Reilly, T. M. & Batchelor, D. H. (1986) The presentation and treatment of delusional parasitosis: a dermatological perspective. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1, 340353.Google Scholar
Renvoize, E. B., Kent, J. & Klar, H. M. (1987) Delusional infestation and dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 403405.Google Scholar
Riding, B. E. J. & Munro, A. (1975) Pimozide in monosymptomatic psychosis. Lancet, i, 400401.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. & Roberts, R. (1977) Delusions of parasitosis. British Medical Journal, i, 1219.Google Scholar
Schrut, A. H. & Waldron, W. G. (1963) Psychiatric and entomological aspects of delusory parasitosis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 186, 429430.Google Scholar
Schwarz, H. (1929) Zirkumscripte Hypochondrien. Monhesschrift fur Psychiatrie und Neurologie, 72, 150164.Google Scholar
Thirbierge, G. (1894) Les acarophobes. Revue Générate de Clinique et de Thérapeutique, 32, 373.Google Scholar
Torch, E. M. & Bishop, E. R. (1981) Delusions and parasitosis: psychotherapeutic engagement. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 35, 101106.Google Scholar
Tullett, G. L. (1965) Delusions of parasitosis. British Journal of Dermatology, 77, 448455.Google Scholar
Ungvári, G. & Petho, B. (1980) Zur Pathogenese des Dermatozoenwahn. Psychiatrie, Neurologie und Medizinsche Psychologie (Leipzig), 32, 353358.Google Scholar
Valbuena Briones, A., Avila Escribano, J. J., de Dios Perrino, C., et al (1984) Delirio dermatozoico (parasitario). Medicina Clinica (Barcelona), 83, 249252.Google Scholar
Wessely, S. (1987) Delusional parasitosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 560561.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. W. & Miller, H. E. (1946) Delusion of parasitosis (acarophobia). Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology, 54, 3956.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.