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Pattern recognition analysis of anterior cingulate cortex blood flow to classify depression polarity

  • J. R. C. Almeida (a1), J. Mourao-Miranda (a2), H. J. Aizenstein (a1), A. Versace (a3), F. A. Kozel (a4), H. Lu (a5), A. Marquand (a6), E. J. LaBarbara (a7), M. Brammer (a4), M. Trivedi (a1), D. J. Kupfer (a8) and M. L. Phillips (a8)...
Summary

Differentiating bipolar from recurrent unipolar depression is a major clinical challenge. In 18 healthy females and 36 females in a depressive episode – 18 with bipolar disorder type I, 18 with recurrent unipolar depression – we applied pattern recognition analysis using subdivisions of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) blood flow at rest, measured with arterial spin labelling. Subgenual ACC blood flow classified unipolar v. bipolar depression with 81% accuracy (83% sensitivity, 78% specificity).

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Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2013 
Corresponding author
Jorge R. C. Almeida, MD, PhD, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Loeffler Building, #302 Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Email: almeidaj@upmc.edu
Footnotes
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†

See editorial, pp. 242–246, this issue.

Declaration of interest

H. J. A. has received support from Novartis for an unrelated study. F. A. K. holds patents through the Medical University of South Carolina and has patents pending as an inventor of imaging and neuromodulation technologies. M. T. has received unrelated research support and consulting and speaker fees from several pharmaceutical and medical technology companies with interests in the treatment and detection of depression and bipolar illness.

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References
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1 Almeida, JRC, Phillips, ML. Distinguishing between unipolar depression and bipolar depression: current and future clinical and neuroimaging Perspectives. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73: 111–8.
2 Mourão-Miranda, J., Bokde, ALW, Born, C., Hampel, H., Stetter, M. Classifying brain states and determining the discriminating activation patterns: support vector machine on functional MRI data. NeuroImage 2005; 28: 980–95.
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6 Mayberg, HS, Liotti, M., Brannan, SK, McGinnis, S., Mahurin, RK, Jerabek, PA, et al Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. Am J Psychiatry. 1999; 156: 675–82.
7 Bench, CJ, Friston, KJ, Brown, RG, Scott, LC, Frackowiak, RS, Dolan, RJ. The anatomy of melancholia–focal abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression. Psychol Med 1992; 22: 607–15.
8 Schölkopf, B., Smola, AJ. Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond. MIT Press, 2002.
9 Vapnik, V. The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer-Verlag, 1995.
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  • Cited by 19
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Matsuo, Koji Harada, Kenichiro Fujita, Yusuke Okamoto, Yasumasa Ota, Miho Narita, Hisashi Mwangi, Benson Gutierrez, Carlos A Okada, Go Takamura, Masahiro Yamagata, Hirotaka Kusumi, Ichiro Kunugi, Hiroshi Inoue, Takeshi Soares, Jair C Yamawaki, Shigeto and Watanabe, Yoshifumi 2019. Distinctive Neuroanatomical Substrates for Depression in Bipolar Disorder versus Major Depressive Disorder. Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 29, Issue. 1, p. 202.
    Toma, Simina MacIntosh, Bradley J. Swardfager, Walter and Goldstein, Benjamin I. 2018. Cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 241, Issue. , p. 505.
    Almeida, Jorge R.C. Greenberg, Tsafrir Lu, Hanzhang Chase, Henry W. Fournier, Jay C. Cooper, Crystal M. Deckersbach, Thilo Adams, Phil Carmody, Thomas Fava, Maurizio Kurian, Benji McGrath, Patrick J. McInnis, Melvin G. Oquendo, Maria A. Parsey, Ramin Weissman, Myrna Trivedi, Madhukar and Phillips, Mary L. 2018. Test-retest reliability of cerebral blood flow in healthy individuals using arterial spin labeling: Findings from the EMBARC study. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vol. 45, Issue. , p. 26.
    Edberg, David Hoppensteadt, Debra Walborn, Amanda Fareed, Jawed Sinacore, James and Halaris, Angelos 2018. Plasma C-reactive protein levels in bipolar depression during cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor combination treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 102, Issue. , p. 1.
    Goldstein, Benjamin I. 2017. Bipolar Disorder and the Vascular System: Mechanisms and New Prevention Opportunities. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 33, Issue. 12, p. 1565.
    Li, M. Das, T. Deng, W. Wang, Q. Li, Y. Zhao, L. Ma, X. Wang, Y. Yu, H. Li, X. Meng, Y. Palaniyappan, L. and Li, T. 2017. Clinical utility of a short resting-state MRI scan in differentiating bipolar from unipolar depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 136, Issue. 3, p. 288.
    Librenza-Garcia, Diego Kotzian, Bruno Jaskulski Yang, Jessica Mwangi, Benson Cao, Bo Pereira Lima, Luiza Nunes Bermudez, Mariane Bagatin Boeira, Manuela Vianna Kapczinski, Flávio and Passos, Ives Cavalcante 2017. The impact of machine learning techniques in the study of bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 80, Issue. , p. 538.
    Bürger, Christian Redlich, Ronny Grotegerd, Dominik Meinert, Susanne Dohm, Katharina Schneider, Ilona Zaremba, Dario Förster, Katharina Alferink, Judith Bölte, Jens Heindel, Walter Kugel, Harald Arolt, Volker and Dannlowski, Udo 2017. Differential Abnormal Pattern of Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Activation in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: an fMRI and Pattern Classification Approach. Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 42, Issue. 7, p. 1399.
    Li, Yu Hou, Xin Wei, Dongtao Du, Xue Zhang, Qinglin Liu, Guangyuan Qiu, Jiang and Fan, Yong 2017. Long-Term Effects of Acute Stress on the Prefrontal-Limbic System in the Healthy Adult. PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue. 1, p. e0168315.
    Chang, Hui Hua Wang, Tzu-Yun Lee, I Hui Lee, Sheng-Yu Chen, Kao Chin Huang, San-Yuan Yang, Yen Kuang Lu, Ru-Band and Chen, Po See 2017. C-reactive protein: A differential biomarker for major depressive disorder and bipolar II disorder. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 18, Issue. 1, p. 63.
    MacIntosh, Bradley J. Shirzadi, Zahra Scavone, Antonette Metcalfe, Arron WS Islam, Alvi H. Korczak, Daphne and Goldstein, Benjamin I. 2017. Increased cerebral blood flow among adolescents with bipolar disorder at rest is reduced following acute aerobic exercise. Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 208, Issue. , p. 205.
    Cantisani, A. Stegmayer, K. Bracht, T. Federspiel, A. Wiest, R. Horn, H. Müller, T. J. Schneider, C. Höfle, O. Strik, W. and Walther, S. 2016. Distinct resting-state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 134, Issue. 4, p. 329.
    Jeong, Hyeonseok S. and Chung, Yong-An 2016. Contribution of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of brain disorders: Recent findings and future applications. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue. 2, p. 124.
    Rive, Maria M Redlich, Ronny Schmaal, Lianne Marquand, André F Dannlowski, Udo Grotegerd, Dominik Veltman, Dick J Schene, Aart H and Ruhé, Henricus G 2016. Distinguishing medication-free subjects with unipolar disorder from subjects with bipolar disorder: state matters. Bipolar Disorders, Vol. 18, Issue. 7, p. 612.
    Dev, Sheena I. McKenna, Benjamin S. Sutherland, Ashley N. Shin, David D. Liu, Thomas T. Wierenga, Christina E. and Eyler, Lisa T. 2015. Increased Cerebral Blood Flow Associated with Better Response Inhibition in Bipolar Disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Vol. 21, Issue. 02, p. 105.
    Cerasa, Antonio Castiglioni, Isabella Salvatore, Christian Funaro, Angela Martino, Iolanda Alfano, Stefania Donzuso, Giulia Perrotta, Paolo Gioia, Maria Cecilia Gilardi, Maria Carla and Quattrone, Aldo 2015. Biomarkers of Eating Disorders Using Support Vector Machine Analysis of Structural Neuroimaging Data: Preliminary Results. Behavioural Neurology, Vol. 2015, Issue. , p. 1.
    Grotegerd, Dominik Redlich, Ronny Almeida, Jorge R. C. Riemenschneider, Mona Kugel, Harald Arolt, Volker and Dannlowski, Udo 2014. MANIA—A Pattern Classification Toolbox for Neuroimaging Data. Neuroinformatics, Vol. 12, Issue. 3, p. 471.
    Serpa, Mauricio H. Ou, Yangming Schaufelberger, Maristela S. Doshi, Jimit Ferreira, Luiz K. Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo Menezes, Paulo R. Scazufca, Marcia Davatzikos, Christos Busatto, Geraldo F. and Zanetti, Marcus V. 2014. Neuroanatomical Classification in a Population-Based Sample of Psychotic Major Depression and Bipolar I Disorder with 1 Year of Diagnostic Stability. BioMed Research International, Vol. 2014, Issue. , p. 1.
    Cooper, Deborah Limet, Natalie McClung, Ian and Lawrie, Stephen M. 2013. Towards clinically useful neuroimaging in psychiatric practice. British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 203, Issue. 04, p. 242.
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Pattern recognition analysis of anterior cingulate cortex blood flow to classify depression polarity

  • J. R. C. Almeida (a1), J. Mourao-Miranda (a2), H. J. Aizenstein (a1), A. Versace (a3), F. A. Kozel (a4), H. Lu (a5), A. Marquand (a6), E. J. LaBarbara (a7), M. Brammer (a4), M. Trivedi (a1), D. J. Kupfer (a8) and M. L. Phillips (a8)...
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