Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-5jtmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-03T12:12:27.558Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Raman investigation of stress and phase transformation induced in silicon by indentation at high temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2004

S. Kouteva-Arguirova*
Affiliation:
BTU Cottbus, LS Experimentalphysik II, Universitätsplatz 3-4, 03044 Cottbus, Germany IHP/ BTU JointLab, Universitätsplatz 3-4, 03044 Cottbus, Germany
V. Orlov
Affiliation:
IHP/ BTU JointLab, Universitätsplatz 3-4, 03044 Cottbus, Germany Institute of Solid State Physics of RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow distr., Russia
W. Seifert
Affiliation:
IHP/ BTU JointLab, Universitätsplatz 3-4, 03044 Cottbus, Germany IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
J. Reif
Affiliation:
BTU Cottbus, LS Experimentalphysik II, Universitätsplatz 3-4, 03044 Cottbus, Germany IHP/ BTU JointLab, Universitätsplatz 3-4, 03044 Cottbus, Germany
H. Richter
Affiliation:
IHP/ BTU JointLab, Universitätsplatz 3-4, 03044 Cottbus, Germany IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
Get access

Abstract

To study the material deterioration at and around thesupport contacts during processing of silicon wafers, we usedRockwell indentation at elevated temperatures as a model.Cz-silicon was subjected for 30 s to a load of 1.5 N, attemperatures between 70 °C and 660 °C. The resulting morphology was checked by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Micro Raman Spectroscopy was used to monitor residual stress and theoccurrence of silicon polymorphs. We found strong compressivestress inside the indented area, with a dramatic drop and reversalto tensile stress at its boundary. The morphology shows a top hatprofile, covered with a mesh of vein-like structures. Crystallinephases such as Si-III, Si-IV, Si-XII, and amorphous silicon areobserved. Outside the spot, the situation depends strongly on theindentation temperature. Up to 400 °C the material appearspractically unstressed, with a high density of relaxation cracks.At 500 °C and 600 °C a transition is found from strong tensile stress at the boundary to another region of compressive stress extending over more than 40 μm, associated with asignificantly lower crack density. At still higher temperature(660 °C) the crack density tends to zero, and comparably weakstress seams to oscillate between compressive and tensile.

Keywords

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Fischer, A., Richter, H., Kürner, W., Kücher, P., J. Appl. Phys. 87, 1543 (2000) CrossRef
J. Niess, W. Dietl, O. Altug, W. Lerch, H. D. Geiler, H. Karge, in Proceedings of the 199th ECS Meeting, Rapid Thermal and Other Short-Time Processing Technologies II, edited by D. L. Kwong, K. Reid, M. C. Ozturk, P. J. Timans, F. Roozeboom (PV 2001-9, Washington, DC, Spring 2001), 79
Puech, P., Pinel, S., Jasinevicius, R., Pizani, P., J. Appl. Phys. 88, 4582 (2000) CrossRef
Gridneva, I. V., Milman, Yu. V., Trefilov, V. I., Phys. Stat. Sol. A 14, 177 (1972) CrossRef
Dominich, V., Gogotsi, Y., Dub, S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2214 (2000)
Bradby, J. E., Williams, J. S., Swain, M. V., Phys. Rev. B 67, 085205 (2003) CrossRef
Clarke, D. R., Kroll, M. C., Kirchner, P. D., Cook, R. F., Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2156 (1988) CrossRef
Zarudi, I., Zou, J., Zhang, L. C., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 874 (2003) CrossRef
Kailer, A., Gogotsi, Y. G., Nickel, K. G., J. Appl. Phys. 81, 3057 (1997) CrossRef
Gogotsi, Y., Miletich, T., Gardner, M., Rosenberg, M., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 4612 (1999) CrossRef
Lucazeau, G., Abello, L., J. Mater. Res. 12, 2263 (1997)
Kouteva-Arguirova, S., Arguirov, Tz., Wolfframm, D., Reif, J., J. Appl. Phys. 94, 4946 (2003) CrossRef
De Wolf, I., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11, 139 (1996)
Orlov, V., Richter, H., Fischer, A., Reif, J., Müller, T., Wahlich, R., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 5, 403 (2003) CrossRef