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The Deprived Married Clergy In Essex, 1553–15611

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Hilda E. P. Grieve
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Extract

In the five years which elapsed between Mary's accession on 6 July 1553 and her death on 17 November 1558 281 institutions to benefices vacant in Essex are entered in Bonner's Register. Ninety–three of these vacancies, or just under a third, occurred as the result of the deprivation of the late incumbent. A similar disturbance of the personnel of the clergy was taking place all over the country during these years, but the figures quoted for Essex cannot be taken as typical, for Dr. Frere found that the numbers and ratios tended to diminish the greater the distance from London.The general nature of this disturbance, however, the processes connected with it, and the problems arising out of it can best be understood when examined in relation to a particular group of the deprived clergy. As Mr. Baskerville has suggested, “it is only by a thoroughgoing exploration of the ups and downs of the lives of the clergy in an individual diocese that the course of current ecclesiastical movements can be adequately comprehended.”

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 22 , December 1940 , pp. 141 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1940

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Footnotes

1

I would like to take this opportunity of expressing my deep gratitude to Canon Sykes for the unfailing patience of his advice and criticism, and the encouragement of his interest. Also to Mr. Baskerville and Professor Neale for many helpful suggestions. A list of the principal abbreviations employed in citing documentary authorities will be found in the note on manuscript sources at the end of this article.

References

page 141 note 2 Essex came under the jurisdiction of the see of London from its foundation until 8 August 1845 (V.C.H., Essex, ii, 81).

page 141 note 3 W. H. Frere, The Marian Reaction, p. 52.

page 141 note 4 Baskerville, G., “Elections to Convocation in the diocese of Gloucester under Bishop Hooper”, E.H.R., xliv (1929), 4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 142 note 1 Robert Drakes, rector of Thundersley, 29 Jan. 1550/1 (Newcourt, Repertorium, ii, 587)–before 7 June 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 453); ordained priest by Cranmer before 1550, “not after the order then in force” ( Foxe, , Acts and monuments, viii, 107; Frere, p. 218; there is no record of Cranmer's ordinations in his Register); burned 24 April 1556 (Foxe, viii, 113; Strype, Eccl. Mem., iii, pt. ii, p. 488).Google Scholar

Richard Gresham (or Grason), R. of Gt. Chesterford, 25 Mar. 1550 (Newc., ii, 133)—before 12 Dec. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 459); ordained deacon June 1550, priest Sept. 1550 (Frere, pp. 186, 190); in exile 1556, studying at Basle (C. H. Garrett, The Marian Exiles, p. 165).

page 143 note 1 Robert Dent, R. of Upminster, 20 April 1554–before 9 Mar. 1557/8, deprived (Newc., ii, 618). His case before vicar–general in May and July 1556. He held another living in diocese of Peterborough and had had licence to hold Upminster in commendam (Vicar–General, Crooke, fos. 216, 297).

John Gough, V. of Braintree, 3 Dec. 1554–before 24 Oct. 1556, deprived (Newc., ii, 89). His case before bishop in Oct. 1556. Parishioners gave evidence against him. Supposed to have two benefices in Suffolk. Had provided no curate in Braintree (V.G., Crooke, fos. 231, 233).

Martin Reason, V. of Ugley, 1 April 1553–before 30 April 1558, deprived (Newc., ii, 616). His case before vicar–general in April 1558. After taking possession of vicarage had only stayed 2 or 3 days, then left, and provided no priest to serve the cure (V.G., Crooke, fo. 302).

Richard Ward, V. of Epping, 13 Nov. 1554—before 14 April 1556, deprived (Newc., ii, 248). Frere concluded “in the absence of other evidence” that he was deprived for marriage (Marian Reaction, p. 56); but there are full details of the proceedings against him in the act book of the vicar–general. He left the benefice two hours after “ringing his bells” and provided no one to serve the cure (V.G., Crooke, fos. 219–222).

Charles Waynwright, R. of Vange, 2 Feb. 1529/30–before 19 Dec. 1557, deprived (Newc., ii, 613). His case came up at intervals between Oct. 1556 and July 1557. He had not been resident in Vange for 12 years, and the cure was indifferently served by a curate hired by his fermor (V.G., Crooke, fos. 234, 247, 253, 258–9, 263, 267–9).

page 143 note 2 Three of these deprivations have not been noted by Newcourt:

Robert Bracher, V. of Aveley, 7 June 1551 (Newc., ii, 23)–before 24 May 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 462). Reconciled and reappointed V. of Barling, 28 Mar. 1556 (Reg. Bon., fo. 465). 1559 restored as V. of Aveley (Lambeth, Cartae Miscellanae, xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, Elizabethan Clergy, p. 103).

John Draper, R. of Rayleigh, 17 Aug. 1517 (Newc., ii, 484)–before 21 April 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 450). See Bonner's order for his divorce from his wife Joan Gold (Frere, p. 170; Foxe, vi, 438; from Reg. Bon., fo. 348). Reconciled and reappointed R. of St. Michael Royal, 9 April 1556 (Hennessey, p. 333).

Richard Holden, R. of Stanford–le–Hope, 7 April 1548 (Newc., ii, 548)– before 2 Nov. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 458). Died before Sept. 1560 (V.G., Crooke, f. 342). He did not resign in 1554, cf. Newcourt, ii, 548.

page 144 note 1 Bernard Sandiforth, V. of Canewdon, 15 Feb. 1547/8–before n April 1554, deprived (Newc., ii, p. 121). For his marriage, see special order for sequestration of fruits of Canewdon because the vicar, Bernard Sandiforth is married (Reg. Bon., fos, 345–6). He became V. of Paddington (see his will, dated Aug. 1557, proved May 1559, Challoner–Smith, “Additions to Newcourt”, Trans. Essex Arch. Soc, New Series, vi., 230. See also G. Hennessey, Novum Repertorium, p. 367).

page 144 note 2 William Rowbotham, V. of N. Shoebury, 29 Nov. 1548 (Newc., ii, 529)–before 8 April 1555, when the next institution is entered “per deprivationem (blank) ultimi vicarii” (Reg. Bon., fo. 462). The date of his deprivation, 29 Mar. 1554, and his definite identification as the deprived vicar are given in a Chancery complaint of his successor Anthony Richardson (P.R.O., C. 1/1379/36–8). He was reconciled and reappointed V. of Tolleshunt Major, 6 Aug. 1555, and died before July 1557 (Newc., ii, 604).

page 144 note 3 William Charleton, R. of E. Hanningfield, 17 Oct. 1550 (Newc., ii. 307)–before 23 Aug. 1554, deprived (Reg. Bon., fo. 455).

page 145 note 1 E.H.R., xliv (1929), 6.

page 145 note 2 V.G., Crooke, fos. 233–4. He was R. of Stapleford Tawney, 9 Oct. 1540–before 29 Oct. 1572, when he died (Newc., ii, 556).

page 145 note 3 Machyn's Diary (Camden Soc.), ed. Nichols, J. G., p. 50.Google Scholar

page 146 note 1 P.R.O., C. 1/1367/16, 17. For confirmation of Thomas Layer's statement that he received letters patent, see Cal, Pat. Rolls, 1 Mary, pt. 1, p. 42. They were dated 2 May 1554. He actually speaks of Thomas Hall's “amoval” or “deprivation”, but Hall was not deprived, he resigned (Newc., ii, 19), and Thomas Layer's 20 weeks’ service would place the “amoval” in December when married priests were suspended by proclamation, but not deprived. Thomas Layer further admits that after this “amoval” Thomas Hall “did resigne upp all his title and interest that he had”.

page 146 note 2 See Thomas Layer's complaint, and Newc., ii, 19.

page 146 note 3 See Thomas Layer's complaint, and V.G., Crooke, fo. 163, where the original grant is registered.

page 146 note 4 V.G., Crooke, fo. 163.

page 147 note 1 See Thomas Layer's complaint, and Newc., ii, 19.

page 147 note 2 Newc., ii, 19.

page 147 note 3 P.R.O., C. 1/1367/16, 17.

page 147 note 4 Robert Davys held the living till his death before July 1563 (Newc., ii, 19). He subscribed as R. of Ashen in 1559 (Lamb., Cart. Misc. xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 104) and was resident there in 1560 and 1561 (C.C.C.C., 122, fos. 64, 162–3).

page 147 note 5 Reg. Bon., fo. 448. Cf. Institution of John Fecknam to Gt. Greenford, Middlesex, vacant 24 Sept. 1554 “per liberam et spontaneam resignationem Magistri Henrici Thorneton, M.A., presbiteri coniugati” (Reg. Bon., fo. 457).

page 147 note 6 Richard Fletcher, V. of Ugley, 7 Feb. 1552/3 (Newc., ii, 614)—before 21 Jan. 1553/4, when John Wystowe got letters patent presenting him to the vicarage (Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1 Mary, pt. i, p. 38). Fletcher had resigned (Newc., ii, 614), but he was deprived of his other vicarage of Stortford, Herts, for marriage before Feb. 1555/6 (Reg. Bon., fo. 465). Frere suggests that he went into exile (Marian Reaction, p. 183), but he does not appear in the most recent enumeration of the exiles (Garrett, The Marian Exiles). He was still in this country in July 1555 when he and his son (later bishop of London) witnessed the martyrdom of Christopher Wade at Dartford (Foxe, vii, p. 321; D.N.B.). He was one of those ordained under the English Ordinal (Frere, p. 183) and seems to have remained in retirement until Elizabeth's accession, when he became V. of Cranbrook in Kent, and a stout opponent of puritanism ( Peel, , Seconde Porte of a Register, i, 116–20).Google Scholar

page 148 note 1 Robert Horne, S.T.B., V. of Matching, 3 Oct. 1548 (Reg. Bon., fo. 163)– before 27 Feb. 1553/4, when it was declared “certo modo tam de iure quam de facto vacante” (Reg. Bon., fo. 449); dean of Durham, 18 Nov. 1551; prebendary of Bugthorpe, York Minster, 27 April 1552 (D.N.B.). Arrived in Zurich 5 April 1554 (Garrett, p. 188), 1560–1, bishop of Winchester (D.N.B.).

page 148 note 2 P.R.O., C. 1/1348/82, and C. 1/1426/32–3. Elizeus Peckocke, R. of Paglesham, 7 Feb. 1545/6 (Newc., ii, 459)–before 19 Nov. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 458); restored as R. of Paglesham by 1560 (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 39). Died before Sept. 1562 (Newc., ii, 459).

page 148 note 3 P.R.O., C. 1/1353/7. Edward Popley, R. of Tolleshunt Knights, 10 Dec. 1550 (Newc., ii, 606)–before 31 Oct. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 457); also R. of Wickham Bishops, 20 Aug. 1538 (Newc., ii, 658)—before 21 July 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 454). Reconciled and instituted R. of Mistley–cum–Manningtree, 25 Jan. 1554/5, on deprivation of Silvester Campion (Newc., ii, 442). He held this living till the restoration of Silvester Campion. Restored as R. of Wickham Bishops after 1559 and died before April 1560 (Newc., ii, 663).

page 149 note 1 P.R.O., C. 1/1357/85. For a similar lease in Gloucestershire, see Baskerville, G., E.H.R., xliv (1929), 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 149 note 2 Reg. Bon., fo. 341; Foxe, vi, 426; Frere, p. 60.

page 150 note 1 Reg. Bon., fo. 341.

page 150 note 2 Reg. Bon., fo. 345; Frere, p. 166. This commission is only directed to the archdeacon of Colchester, but almost certainly similar commissions would be sent to all the archdeacons.

page 150 note 3 Thomas Donnell, B.D., R. of Toppesfield, 26 Dec. 1551 (Newc., ii, 608)–before 15 Mar. 1553/4, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 449). Went into exile (Garrett, p. 145). By 1560 restored as R. of Toppesfield (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 63).

page 150 note 4 13 Dec. 1557, Thomas Tye was instituted to the Vicarage of Gt. Bentley vacant by deprivation of John Sherman, married priest (Reg. Bon., fo. 473).

page 150 note 5 Thomas Rose, V. of W. Ham, 27 Jan. 1551/2 (Newc., ii, 304)–before 5 June 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 452). Had been in trouble in Henry VIII's reign for “his godly zeal towards religion” ( Strype, , Eccl. Mem., ii, pt. i, p. 523; Foxe, viii, 581). In prison after deprivation, but escaped. By 1560 restored to W. Ham (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 31).Google Scholar

page 150 note 6 Richard Bromley, V. of Gt. Wendon, 4 July 1549–before 11 Nov. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fos. 166, 458).

page 151 note 1 Cal. Pat. Rolls, 3 & 4 Ph. & M., pt. v, p. 357.

page 151 note 2 John Copshesse, late abbot of Beeleigh (Newc., ii, 616; Challoner–Smith, , Trans. Essex Arch. Soc., New Series, vii, 46), R. of St. Lawrence, a Beeleigh living, 9 Aug. 1533 (Newc., ii, 372)–before 29 April 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 451), 1559 subscribed as curate of Latchingdon (Lamb., Cart. Misc. xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 104). 1560 restored to St. Lawrence C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 38).Google Scholar

Richard Pynde, late canon of Beeleigh (Reg. Tunstall, fo. 167), R. of Langford, 16 Jan. 1539/40 (Newc., ii, 363)—before 29 May 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 452). By 1560 restored to Langford (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 48).

John Sherman, late canon of St. Osyth (V.C.H., Essex, ii, 160–1), V. of Gt. Bentley, 23 July 1541 (Newc., ii, 50)–before 13 Dec. 1557, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 473). Reconciled and reappointed V. of Bulmer, 24 Oct. 1556 (Newc., ii, 106).

Thomas Sykes, late canon of Royston (Reg. Stokesley, fo. 73), V. of Rickling, 3 Dec 1546–before 4 Sept. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fos. 157, 455).

Christopher Threder, late Dominican friar (Reg. Tunstall, fo. 167), V. of Walden, 18 Dec. 1544 (Newc., ii, 627)–before 25 Feb. 1554/5, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 461). Reconciled and reappointed R. of Whissonsett, Norwich diocese, 8 Aug. 1555 (Register of Bishop Hopton).

page 151 note 3 Richard Alvey, S.T.B., R. of Thorrington, 12 Mar. 1538/9 (Newc., ii, 593)—before 21 May 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 452); R. of Sandon, 13 Nov. 1548 (Newc., ii, 517)–before 22 May 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 452). Went into exile with his wife (Garrett, pp. 71–2). By 1560 restored to both Thorrington and Sandon (C.C.C.C., 122, fos. 41, 46). See D.N.B.; quotation from Isaac Walton, Life of Hooker, p. 45.

page 151 note 4 Richard Jackson, R. of Mashbury, 10 Dec. 1550 (Newc., ii, 409)–before 7 April 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 449). By 1559 restored as R. of Mashbury (Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 105).

page 151 note 5 Essex R.O., Q/SR5/4.

page 151 note 6 C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 62.

page 152 note 1 Henry Sydyall, R. of Woodford, 5 July 1530 (Newc., ii, 680)–before 2 April 1555, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 462). Reconciled and reappointed V. of Walthamstow 14 Dec. 1557 (Newc., ii, 636).

page 152 note 2 Wood, Fasti Oxon., i, 155. See his signature as witness to Cranmer's recantation in Bonner's Register, fo. 243.

page 152 note 3 Thomas Whittle, V. of Kirby, 18 April 1550 (Newc., ii, 353)–before 1 Feb. 1554/5, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 460).

page 152 note 4 Foxe, vii, 723.

page 152 note 5 John Blank, V. of Thorpe, 12 April 1553 (Newc., ii, 586)–before 13 Aug. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 454).

page 152 note 6 James Radcliffe, R. of Woodham Walter, 3 Feb. 1517/18 (Newc., ii, 684)–before 4 Oct. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 457).

page 152 note 7 Hennessey, p. 446.

page 152 note 8 Valor Eccl., 1, 447.

page 152 note 9 Christopher Newton, R. of Twinstead, was deprived for marriage before 29 Nov. 1555 (Reg. Bon., fo. 464). The date of his institution is unknown.

page 152 note 10 Valor Eccl., 1, 441.

page 152 note 11 Strype, , Eccl. Mem., iii, pt. i, p. 168.Google Scholar

page 153 note 1 Foxe, vi, 439.

page 153 note 2 William Gippes, V. of Arkesden, Feb. 1529/30 (Newc., ii, 14)–before 14Sept. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg.Bon., fo. 456). Reconciled and reappointed R. of Salcott Virley 13 July 1554 (Newc., ii, 513). 1559 restored as V. of Arkesden (Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 105).

page 153 note 3 James Rothwell, R. of Tendring, 12 Mar. 1546/7 (Newc., ii, 576)–before 23 June 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 453). 22 June 1557 produced letters of reconciliation dated 31 Aug. 1554 for examination by the Vicar–General (V.G., Crooke, fo. 259). 24 June 1557 instituted R. of Langenhoe (Newc., ii, 364).

page 154 note 1 Cf. Lambert Pechey, newly instituted R. of Tilbury–juxta–Clare, who on 13 Nov. 1557 had to produce his letters of reconciliation granted 18 Nov. 1554 by the bishop of Chichester, after his deprivation of vicarage of Eartham in the diocese of Chichester, for marriage (V.G., Crooke, fo. 280).

page 154 note 2 Newc., ii, 637.

page 154 note 3 Baskerville, G., “Married Clergy and Pensioned Religious in Norwich Diocese”, E.H.R., xlviii (1933), 63. George Darby had been R. of Bures since 1543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 154 note 4 V.G., Crooke, fo. 236. He became R. of Gt. Holland later, 18 Jan. 1558/9 (Newc., ii, 333).

page 154 note 5 John Ayer, R. of Ashingdon, 11 Mar. 1549/50 (Newc., ii, 21)–before 18 May 1555, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 462). Subscribed 1559 as curate of N. Fambridge (Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57).

page 154 note 6 Thomas Symond, V. of Messing, 11 June 1551 (Newc., ii, 417)—before 7 Sept. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 455).

page 154 note 7 Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 108.

page 155 note 1 Goodman, A. W., “Hampshire Incumbents”, Hampshire Field Club Papers and Proceedings, xiv, pt. i, 1938. He was restored to Ewhurst in 1559.Google Scholar

page 155 note 2 Newc., ii, 95.

page 155 note 3 Baskerville, , “Norwich Deprivations”, E.H.R., xlviii (1933), 59.Google Scholar

page 155 note 4 Newc., ii, 567.

page 155 note 5 V.G., Crooke, fo. 280.

page 155 note 6 Goodman, loc. cit. He was restored to Gatcombe in 1559.

page 155 note 7 Edward Keble, R. of Upminster, 4 April 1537 (Newc., ii, 618)—before 20 April 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 450); instituted to Badlesmere, Cant, dioc., 16 Mar. 1556/7 (Reg. Pole, fo. 71) and Sheldwich, Cant, dioc., 15 Jan. 1557/8 (Reg. Pole, fo. 75).

page 155 note 8 Christopher Threder was instituted R. of Whissonsett, Norwich, 8 Aug. 1555, and V. of Weasenham, Norwich, 17 Nov. 1557 (Register of Bishop Hopton). I am indebted to Mr. Baskerville for this reference.

page 155 note 9 Strype, , Eccl. Mem., iii, pt. i, p. 168.Google Scholar

page 156 note 1 It is hardly the drastic “purging the Church of unworthy priests” described by H. N. Birt (Elizabethan Religious Settlement, p. 201) since so many were readmitted to ministration.

page 156 note 2 Anthony Redfern, R. of Little Chesterford, Feb. 1537 (Newc., ii, 134)–before 21 June 1555, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 463); reconciled and admitted R. of Panfield on deprivation of Adam Richardson 30 Jan. 1554/5 (Reg. Bon., fo. 460) till his restoration. 1559 restored as R. of Lit. Chesterford (Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 107).

Adam Richardson, R. of Panfield, 31 July 1542 (Newc., ii, 461)—before 30 Jan. 1554/5, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 460); reconciled and admitted R. of Lit. Chesterford on deprivation of Anthony Redfern 21 July 1555 (Newc., ii, 461) till his restoration. 1559 restored as R. of Panfield (Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 107).

page 156 note 3 Newc., ii, 121.

page 156 note 4 Reg. Bon., fos. 355–6.

page 157 note 1 Those who still owed first fruits to the Crown, however, for the benefices they had lost, were released from all obligation to pay them by a special pardon given under the privy seal on 20 Oct. 1554 (P.R.O., S.P. 11/4/26 and Plea Rolls of Court of First Fruits and Tenths, P.R.O., E. 337/1/52). Many appeals from the deprived married clergy appear in the Plea Rolls after this date. To give but three Essex examples, John Blank, late vicar of Thorpe, Robert Thomason, late vicar of Sutton, and John Carter, late vicar of Hockley, were exonerated from payment of first fruits for those livings on production of certificates from the bishop of London stating that they had been deprived for marriage (P.R.O., E. 337/2/145,217,326).

page 157 note 2 7 June 1554 Thundersley was declared vacant “per deprivationem Roberti Drakes clerici coniugati” (Reg. Bon., fo. 453).

page 157 note 3 Foxe, viii, 105–13. The question of his ordination does not seem to have been brought up during his examination.

page 158 note 1 Foxe, vii, 718–30.

page 158 note 2 Acts of Privy Council, 1554—6, p. 150.

page 158 note 3 Foxe, viii, 581–99. In 1532 he was implicated in the destruction of the Holy Rood of Dovercourt. Later in Henry's reign he was in trouble for preaching against the Six Articles, and had to go into exile. He was in high favour with Cranmer in Edward's reign and was nominated for the archbishopric of Armagh ( Strype, , Eccl. Mem., ii, pt. i, p. 523). The place of his exile in Mary's reign is unknown, and he does not appear in the recent enumeration (Garrett).Google Scholar

page 158 note 4 Hennessey, p. 444.

page 158 note 5 Ibid., p. 426. He reached Frankfurt by 5 April 1555 (Garrett, pp. 71–2).

page 159 note 1 Garrett, p. 145.

page 159 note 2 John Pekyns, R. of Bradwell, 5 Mar. 1540/1–before 1 May 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fos. 134, 451).

page 159 note 3 Newc., ii, 85; Wood, Fasti Oxon., i, 74, 95.

page 159 note 4 C.C.C.C., 114A, fo. 398.

page 159 note 5 Garrett, p. 165.

page 159 note 6 William Aston, R. of Lee, 30 Nov. 1550 (Newc., ii, 384)–before 22 Mar. 1554/5, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 461).

page 159 note 7 Acts of Privy Council, 1554–6, p. 89.

page 160 note 1 William Lynch, R. of Willingale Doe, 18 Aug. 1537 (Newc., ii, 668)—before 7 April 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 449); R. of Beauchamp Roding 30 Jan. 1524/5 (Newc., ii, 503)–before 30 Mar. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 452; according to Newcourt he held Beauchamp Roding 1524–1570 without break, but actually he was deprived in 1554, and the living was held successively by Richard Morgan, Robert Wyse, and Geoffrey Philipps between the time of his deprivation and his restoration, see Reg. Bon., fos. 452, 467, 473). 1559 he was restored to both livings (Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 106).

page 160 note 2 V.G., Crooke, fo. 342. The equivocal legal position of the wives of married priests is most clearly illustrated by the careful terms in which a Norfolk priest, Robert Hunt, drew up his will in August, 1554: “I give and bequeth unto Elenor my wyff yf the lawe of the Realme permytt yt, yf not I give and bequeth to Elenor Baker, all my moveables N–”, and again, “also the rest of my goods not bequeathed I give unto Elenor my wyff or Elenor Baker whome I make myne Executrix”. (Proved at Gt. Bircham, 21 Sept. 1554. Archdeaconry of Norfolk, Lib. 1553–5. fo. 311. Printed in The Eastern Counties Collectanea, 1872–3, p. 69.) I am indebted to Mrs. I. Hood for this reference.

page 160 note 3 Foxe describes Lady Vane as “a special nurse and great supporter (to her power) of the godly saints which were imprisoned in Queen Mary's time”. Foxe, vii, 234.

page 161 note 1 George Savage, V. of Tolleshunt Major, 2 Feb. 1552/3 (Newc., ii, 604)—before 6 Aug. 1555, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 463). Restored by 1560 (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 48).

page 161 note 2 C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 48.

page 161 note 3 Strype, , Eccl. Mem., iii, pt. 1, p. 171.Google Scholar

page 161 note 4 Commons’ Journals, 1547–1659, p. 57.

page 161 note 5 D'Ewes, Journal, p. 50.

page 161 note 6 C.J., p. 59; D'Ewes, p. 53.

page 161 note 7 C.J., p. 61; D'Ewes, p. 55.

page 161 note 8 C.J., p. 61; D'Ewes, p. 55.

page 162 note 1 Parker Correspondence (Parker Soc., xlix), p. 65.Google ScholarPubMed

page 162 note 2 C.J., p. 61; D'Ewes, p. 55.

page 162 note 3 “An Unpublished Manuscript of the Lords’ Journals for April and May 1559”, Davis, E. Jeffries, E.H.R., xxviii (1913), 141; D'Ewes, p. 30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 162 note 4 Davis, loc. cit., p. 143; D'Ewes, p. 31.

page 162 note 5 Davis, loc. cit., p. 145. D'Ewes, p. 31, erroneously states that it was passed with two other minor Bills. The other two Bills appear in the Statutes of the Realm but the Restoration Bill does not. From the Lords’ Journals it is quite clear that it was rejected.

page 162 note 6 Gee, Elizabethan Clergy, p. 92; from S. P. Dom. Eliz., x, p. 1.

page 162 note 7 Ibid., p. 147; from Pat. Roll I Eliz., pt. 9, m. 23d.

page 163 note 1 Ibid., p. 14.

page 163 note 2 See Parker's complaint to Cecil: “I was in horror to hear such words to come from her mild nature and Christianly learned conscience, as she spake concerning God's holy ordinance and institution of matrimony…”; and Cecil's to Parker: “Her Majesty continueth very ill affected to the state of matrimony in the clergy, and if I were not therein very stiff her Majesty would utterly and openly condemn and forbid it…” (1561. Parker Corr., ubi supra, nos. cxiv, cvii, pp. 156, 148).

page 163 note 3 Frere, W. H., Visitation Articles and Injunctions, iii, 18, n.3.Google Scholar

page 163 note 4 Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57. The list of subscriptions given in Gee, pp. 102–9, is incomplete. Some names are omitted altogether, e.g. Laurence Agar, curate of St. James, Colchester; others are included without the name of their cure, e.g. William Steyne, rector of Shellow Bowells (though the clergy did not invariably add the name of their cure to their signature). The names of 26 of the late deprived clergy of Essex can be found in this list. James Bilney, late V. of Chigwell, added the comment “ore non tantum sed ab intimo corde” to his signature. William Lynch and Adam Richardson both subscribed twice, once for each of their livings. Some of the deprived clergy of Essex subscribed in other dioceses, e.g. Christopher Threder, whose name appears in the Norwich Subscriptions.

page 164 note 1 C.C.C.C., 122, fos. 25–65. On 18 Nov. 1560 Parker wrote to Grindal asking for a certificate of the names of the clergy of his diocese, with details concerning their orders, residence, hospitality and learning. N.B. not marriage (Reg. Grindal, fo. 7; Parker Correspondence, no. xci, p. 127). On 28 Nov. Grindal wrote to the Archdeacons of London, Essex, Middlesex, Colchester and St. Albans ordering them to draw up this return (Reg. Grindal, fo. 7). The Archdeacon of London's list was drawn up on 6 Dec. 1560 (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 25) and the lists of the three Essex Archdeacons were complete by the end of February 1560/1. This return is quite distinct from the 1561 return which was drawn up in answer to Parker's letter of 1 Oct. 1561 (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 3), and which required the additional information “whether married or unmarried”. The 1561 certificates for the archdeaconries of Essex and Colchester are missing, so that for Essex we only have information concerning the clergy of the deaneries of Hedingham, Harlow and Dunmow which came under the jurisdiction of the archdeacon of Middlesex (C.C.C.C., 122, fos. 156—67). The 1561 returns for the archdeacons of London (fos. 77—89), St. Albans (fo. 103) and Middlesex (fos. 151–71 are extant).

page 164 note 2 Richard Borow, V. of Ardleigh, 25 Aug. 1531 (Newc., ii, i2)–before 7 June 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 452).

page 164 note 3 C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 46.

page 165 note 1 Thomas Wilson, V. of Steeple, 4 July 1516 (Newc., ii, 559)—before 9 June 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 453); V. of South Benfleet 7 Aug. 1534 (Newc., ii, 48)—before 24 Jan. 1554/5, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo., 460). Reconciled and reappointed R. of Langford 13 Nov. 1556 (Reg. Bon., fo. 468) till restoration of Richard Pynde. By 1560 restored to both livings (Newc., ii, 48, 559; C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 33).

page 165 note 2 John Bennet, V. of Epping, 30 Nov. 1546—before 13 Nov. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fos. 157, 458). R. of Netteswell, 6 April X559 (Newc., ii, 435). His restoration to Epping was probably delayed by his anxiety not only to recover Epping, but also to retain Netteswell, which he could not do without a dispensation to hold two livings. He was fortunate in having an influential patron in Lord John Grey of Pirgo, whose chaplain he was (P.R.O., S.P. 12/76), and who wrote to Grindal on his behalf on 23 Jan. 1559: “Wheras thys bearer my man in Quene Maries dayes hath suffered no small persecucion for the wourde of goddeis sake as yf it may please your Lordship therof to examyne hym, he can more playnly declare the same, for the whiche cause it hathe moved me to wryte unto yow in hys behalf—so as the rather by your good meanes he maye obtayne hys former benefyce loste in quene Maries dayeis, the whiche he may not now have withowte the losse of a lyttell small thing yt he is nowe possessed of within ii myleis of hys said benefice althowgh the partie which now inioyeth the same is very well contented to restore it to my man, unlesse he maye optayne a pluralytie at my lord of Canterberyes handeis–” (C.C.C.C., 114A, fo. 283). The required dispensation was granted on 15 Feb. 1559/60 and in 1560 we find him restored to Epping (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 32).

page 165 note 3 Thomas Chipping, R. of Horndon–on–the–Hill, 4 July 1544 (Newc., ii 343)–before 25 Nov. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 458); also deprived of St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish St., to which he was restored by 1560 (Hennessey, p. 319; C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 30).

page 166 note 1 Thomas Downing, R. of Goldhanger, 17 Nov. 1539 (Newc., ii, 284)–before 20 July 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 454); R. of Besthorpe, Norwich, 1528–54, deprived, restored 1559 ( Baskerville, , “Norwich Deprivations”, E.H.R., xlviii (1933), 55.Google Scholar

page 166 note 2 Silvester Campion, R. of Mistley from about 1547 (V.G., Crooke, fo. 24)–before 25 Jan. 1554/5, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 460): Reconciled and reappointed R. of Gt. Henny, 18 Jan. 1556/7 (Newc., ii, 326) and Little Henny, 25 Jan. 1556/7 (Newc., ii, 327). 1559 subscribed as incumbent of Gt. and Little Henny (Lamb., Cart. Misc., xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 103). By 1560 restored to Mistley but not resident there (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 47), resident and keeping hospitality in Henny (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 64).

page 166 note 3 C.C.C.C., 122, fos. 46, 63.

page 166 note 4 E.g. David Bennet, R. of Abberton, 7 Dec. 1534 (Newc., ii, 3)–before 23 Aug. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 455); reconciled and reappointed R. of Gt. Bromley, 15 Sept. 1554 (Newc., ii, 97) till his death some time before 31 Jan. 1556/7 (Reg. Bon., fo. 469).

page 166 note 5 E.g. Anthony Hewetson, R. of Aldham, 30 Dec. 1534 (Newc., ii, 6–7)–before 30 Mar. 1555, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 461); reconciled and reappointed R. of Wakes Colne, 24 Sept. 1554 on deprivation of John Cally (Reg. Bon., fo. 457) till restoration of John Cally; instituted R. of Bures ad Montem, 31 Jan. 1559/60, which he held till his death before 1562 (Newc., ii, 103).

page 166 note 6 C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 38.

page 167 note 1 Edward Daniel, R. of Peldon, 29 Jan. 1523/4 (Newc., ii, 466)–before 5 Sept. 1554, deprived for marriage (Reg. Bon., fo. 455). 1559 subscribed as R. of Peldon (Lamb., Cart. Misc. xiii, pt. 2, no. 57; Gee, p. 104).

page 167 note 2 C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 45.

page 167 note 3 Two–thirds of the 1561 certificate of the clergy of Essex are missing. See supra, p. 164, note 1.

page 167 note 4 Henry Sydyall (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 142. Surrey Return); James Bilney (C.C.C.C., 97, fo. 204, Norwich Return).

page 167 note 5 Thomas Donnell (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 162–3, Middlesex Return); William Lynch (Ibid., fo. 156—7); Richard Jackson (Ibid., fo. 156–7); William Steyne (Ibid., fo. 156–7); Richard Holden (V.G., Crooke, fo. 342).

page 167 note 6 Silvester Campion (C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 162–3, Middlesex Return); Adam Richardson (Ibid., fo. 162–3) John Hodgkynne (V.G., Crooke, fo. 341); Christopher Threder (C.C.C.C., 97, fo. 206, Norwich Return).

page 167 note 7 In 1561 he appears as the married rector of Nutfield, Surrey (C.C.C.C., 122, Surrey Return, fo. 140).

page 168 note 1 See Birt's “presumption” that “those who replaced clergy deprived for marriage or defective Orders” were “sound Catholics”; and his complaint that “Protestant writers ignore the claim of these ousted Marian priests to be ranked among the deprived” (Elizabethan Settlement, pp. 197, 199).

page 168 note 2 E.g. Anthony Hewetson, who had to make way for John Cally, R. of Wakes Colne.

page 168 note 3 E.g. John Cally, who had to make way for George Savage, V. of Tolleshunt Major, but who was himself restored to Wakes Colne.

page 168 note 4 Thomas Parker, V. of South Benfleet, instituted 6 Feb. 1558/9 (Newc., ii, 48), who had to make way for Thomas Wilson, though his had been the third institution to the living since Wilson's deprivation; Thomas Corker, V. of Moreton, instituted 25 April 1559, had to make way for Robert Banks (Newc., ii, 424; C.C.C.C., 122, fo. 35).

page 168 note 5 E.g. Thomas Eve, R. of Mashbury, who had to make way for Richard Jackson, before Aug. 1559, but who was instituted R. of Little Leighs, 4 April 1560, and held it till his death before 1567 (Newc., ii, 387).