The Establishment of the Great Farm of the English Customs

A. P. Newton

doi:10.2307/3678351

The Establishment of the Great Farm of the English Customs

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009

A. P. Newton

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The English customs duties under the early Stewarts, and the many vexed constitutional questions involved in connection with them, furnished some of the bitterest subjects of controversy at the time, both in and out of Parliament, and constitutional historians have devoted much attention to them. The questions that have been debated in this connection, however, have been mainly of one kind, and have related mainly to the constitutional powers of the Crown and the proper application of mediæval precedents under changed conditions. But there is an entirely different standpoint from which the customs can be approached, that of their administration as an essential part of the revenue-producing system, and comparatively little attention has been devoted to this aspect of the subject. It is important from a purely English point of view, but it is also specially interesting to the investigator of the English background for the early period of American colonisation, since customs duties played such an important part in fostering the growth of Virginia and of other newly established colonies.

Type: Research Article
Information: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 1 , December 1918 , pp. 129 - 155

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3678351 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1918

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References

^{page 131 note 1} S.P. Dom. Edward VI, Additional, iv. No. 27.

^{page 131 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 132 note 1} Eliz. c. II, An Act limiting the times for laying on land merchandise from beyond the seas.

^{page 133 note 1} S.P. Dom. Eliz. xxxvii. No. 70.

^{page 133 note 2} Ibid.; xxxviii. 30.

^{page 133 note 3} Ibid; xxxv. 39.

^{page 133 note 4} L.T.R. Memoranda, 7 Eliz. P. i., Rotulo, 319.

^{page 134 note 1} S.P. Dom. xliii. 55, and xliv. 2.

^{page 134 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 134 note 3} Ibid. xlvii. 61.

^{page 135 note 1} S.P, Dom. Add. xiv. 21.

^{page 135 note 2} Ibid. xlvii. 82; lxvi. 17 and 31.

^{page 135 note 3} Ibid. Add. 1567 ? August.

^{page 136 note 1} S.P. Dom. lx. 80.

^{page 136 note 2} Ibid. lxix. 32. See also references in Wadmore's article in Archaologia Cantiana, xvii. 194 sqq. Some account of Smythe's farm has been given by Wadmore in Archaologia Cantiana, ix., but only from a narrowly biographical standpoint.

^{page 137 note 1} S.P. Dom. ccxxxix. 67.

^{page 137 note 2} Ibid. Add. xxi. 118.

^{page 138 note 1} S.P. Dom. lxxx. 7.

^{page 138 note 2} Ibid. clxx. 4.

^{page 138 note 3} Ibid. ccxxxix. 67.

^{page 138 note 4} Ibid.ccxxvii. 22.

^{page 139 note 1} Register of Privy Council of Scotland.

^{page 139 note 2} S.P. Dom. clxxxvi. 76.

^{page 140 note 1} S.P. Dom. ccxlviii. 89, etc.

^{page 140 note 2} Ibid, ccxxvii. 22.

^{page 140 note 3} Ibid, cclxxxiv. 24.

^{page 141 note 1} S.P. Dom. ccxxxviii. 58, and Customs Accounts in P.R.O. Exchequer K.R.

^{page 141 note 2} Sackville MSS. [1614], April.

^{page 141 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 141 note 4} Ibid.

^{page 142 note 1} S.P. Dom. cclxxv. 78.

^{page 143 note 1} S.P. Dom. cclxvi. 54.

^{page 143 note 2} 39–40 Eliz. c. 7.

^{page 144 note 1} S.P. Dom. ccl. 30.

^{page 145 note 1} S.P. Dom. ccli. 64 and 65.

^{page 145 note 2} Ibid. 62 and cclii. 22.

^{page 145 note 3} Ibid. 65.

^{page 146 note 1} S.P. Dom. cclxiv. Sept. 26, 1597.

^{page 146 note 2} Ibid. cclxxi. 36 and 99.

^{page 146 note 3} Ibid, cclxxv. 16.

^{page 146 note 4} Ibid, cclxxv. 142; cclxxxiv. 9; and cclxxxiii. 54.

^{page 147 note 1} Cecil MSS. June 5, 1603, Cecil to Buckhurst.

^{page 147 note 2} S.P. Dom. cclii. 49, 52, etc.; ccliii., 45, 46.

^{page 148 note 1} Cecil MSS. December II, 1603.

^{page 148 note 2} Ibid. July 21, 1604.

^{page 148 note 3} Ibid. October 11, 1604.

^{page 148 note 4} Exch. K.R. Customs, 173/3.

^{page 148 note 5} Atton and Holland, The King's Customs, i.

^{page 149 note 1} S.P. Dom. ix. Nos. 69 and 79. General papers concerning the farm are in S.P.Dom. viii. Nos. 130–5.

^{page 150 note 1} S.P. Dom. ix. 78, 1604, October 17.

^{page 150 note 2} Cecil MSS. November 12, 1604.

^{page 150 note 3} S.P. Dom. xii. Nos. 50–4; S.P. Dom. Jas. I. viii. 130–5, and 139.

^{page 151 note 1} S.P. Dom. Jas. I. xii. 50.

^{page 152 note 1} S.P. Dom. Jas I. xxvi. 57.

^{page 153 note 1} Sackville MSS.

^{page 153 note 2} Cecil MSS. September 24, 1604, and February 24, 160 4/5.

^{page 153 note 3} Sackville MSS. April [1614]. At this date there was a considerable difficulty over the terms of the compromise.

^{page 154 note 1} Sackville MSS. April [1614].

^{page 154 note 2} Cecil MSS. June 7, 1605. Surveyors to Salisbury.

^{page 154 note 3} Sackville MSS. April [1614].

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