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Marino Sanudo Torsello and the Lost Crusade: Lobbying in the Fourteenth Century The Alexander Prize Essay

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

C. J. Tyerman
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Extract

At Avignon on 24 September 1321, a wealthy, middle-aged, well-connected and widely travelled Venetian merchant, Marino Sanudo, called Torsello, presented to Pope John XXII a book which he had been composing over the previous fifteen years, the Liber Secretorum (or Secreta) Fidelium Crucis, the book of the secrets of the faithful of the Cross. The full title explained the subject matter: the protection of the faithful, the conversion and destruction of the infidel and the acquisition and retention of the Holy Land in peace and security.

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 32 , December 1982 , pp. 57 - 73
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1982

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References

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33 Lettres secretes, no. 1685.

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37 Lettres secrites, nos. 1690–1709 & n. 34 above.

38 Ibid., no. 1710; cf. no. 1848 for the autumn negotiations.

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40 Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 5–6, 7Google Scholar. It was presented to Charles IV in the presence of John of Bohemia, an active Baltic crusader (Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 788)Google Scholar.

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45 Sanudo made one convert in Avignon. In 1323, Cardinal Stefaneschi, a correspondent of Sanudo, alone of all his colleagues advocated Sanudo's scheme for an immediate flotilla of 10 galleys(Letlres secretes, no. 1703; Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 315–16Google Scholar for the cardinal's later links with Sanudo).

46 Ibid., II, 5; cf. Lettressecretes, no. 1685.

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63 Ibid., 356. Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 798Google Scholar.

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65 Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 796Google Scholar; du Fresne, C., du Cange, seigneur, Families en Outremer, ed. Rey, E. G. (Paris, 1869), pp. 142–3Google Scholar. In 1330, Sanudo sent the French memorandum to Cardinal du Poyet (Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 788Google Scholar).

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73 Bodleian Library, MS Tanner 190, fos. 2V–3V, 203v–207r, 20gr–210v.

74 Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 296Google Scholar; Frankfort, , Sanudo, p. 275Google Scholar. Prawer, , in his introduction to the Toronto 1972 reprint of the Bongars edition of the Secreta, argues (p. xviii) that Sanudo commissioned cartographers to draw his maps, including the Genoese, Pietro VesconteGoogle Scholar.

75 Bodleian Library, MS Tanner 190, fos. 4r, 13V, 14r, 15r, 17V, 18r, 20v, 22r, 32V etc.

76 At least 19 manuscripts survive (Frankfort, , Sanudo, p. 213)Google Scholar.

77 Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 798Google Scholar.

78 Frankfort, , Sanudo, p. 275Google Scholar. From the alterations and additions in MS Tanner 190, it may be surmised that Sanudo also took a scribe with him on his travels. But the corpus of documents remained in Venice.

79 Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 299Google Scholar; Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 799, 812, 815–16Google Scholar; Dorez, & Ronciere, , ‘Lettres’, 34, 35, 43, 44Google Scholar. Badin, for instance, visited Greece, Constantinople, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Cilician Armenia, Crete, Cyprus (where he enlisted the help of the king), Egypt (where he may have met the Sultan), Palestine and Syria before meeting Sanudo in Venice on his return in 1334. Sanudo sent Badin back to the French court to brief Louis of Clermont of affairs in the east. Badin was a sort of spy ( Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 812, 815–16)Google Scholar.

80 Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 294Google Scholar.

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88 Ibid.

89 Dorez, & Ronciere, , ‘Lettres’, 43Google Scholar.

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95 Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 98, 301Google Scholar.

96 Laiou, , ‘Sanudo, Byzantium & the Turks’, 374Google Scholar.

97 Kunstmann, , ‘Studien’, 816 (Sanudo writing to the count of Hainault in 1334) ‘multa alia haberem explicare, si haberem subsidium expensarum… sed mea indigentia executionem impedit voluntatis’Google Scholar.

98 Cerlini, , ‘Lettere’, 350Google Scholar.

99 Note the miniatures of the Lion of St. Mark in MS Tanner 190, fo. 4r, at the head ofthe Secrtta.

100 Frankfort, , Sanudo, p. 128Google Scholar.

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102 Delisle, L., Le cabinet des manuscrits de la Bibliothéque Nationale, III (Paris, 1881), p. 162Google Scholar.

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104 Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 297Google Scholar.

105 Bongars, , Gesta Dei, II, 297Google Scholar.