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Conditions that alter saccadic eye movement latencies and affect target choice to visual stimuli and to electrical stimulation of area V1 in the monkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2008

PETER H. SCHILLER ,
GEOFFREY L. KENDALL ,
WARREN M. SLOCUM  and
EDWARD J. TEHOVNIK
PETER H. SCHILLER*
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
GEOFFREY L. KENDALL
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
WARREN M. SLOCUM
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
EDWARD J. TEHOVNIK
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
*
*Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Peter H. Schiller, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 46-6041, Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail: phschill@mit.edu
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Abstract

In this study, we examined procedures that alter saccadic latencies and target selection to visual stimuli and electrical stimulation of area V1 in the monkey. It has been shown that saccadic eye movement latencies to singly presented visual targets form a bimodal distribution when the fixation spot is turned off a number of milliseconds prior to the appearance of the target (the gap period); the first mode has been termed express saccades and the second regular saccades. When the termination of the fixation spot is coincident with the appearance of the target (0 ms gap), express saccades are rarely generated. We show here that a bimodal distribution of saccadic latencies can also be obtained when an array of visual stimuli is presented prior to the appearance of the visual target, provided the elements of the array overlap spatially with the visual target. The overall latency of the saccadic eye movements elicited by electrical stimulation of area V1 is significantly shortened both when a gap is introduced between the termination of the fixation spot and the stimulation and when an array is presented. However, under these conditions, the distribution of saccadic latencies is unimodal. When two visual targets are presented after the fixation spot, introducing a gap has no effect on which target is chosen. By contrast, when electrical stimulation is paired with a visual target, introducing a gap greatly increases the frequency with which the electrical stimulation site is chosen.

Keywords

Express saccadesRhesus macaqueElectrical stimulationArea V1
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 25 , Issue 5-6 , September 2008 , pp. 661 - 673
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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