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Identification of cone classes in Xenopus retina by immunocytochemistry and staining with lectins and vital dyes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Jie Zhang ,
Jochen Kleinschmidt ,
Paranee Sun  and
Paul Witkovsky
Jie Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center, New York
Jochen Kleinschmidt
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center, New York
Paranee Sun
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center, New York
Paul Witkovsky
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center, New York Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, New York
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the number of cone classes in the Xenopus retina. We examined the dimensions and staining properties of cones, utilizing two monoclonal antibodies, COS-1 and OS-2, developed by Szel and Rohlich (1985). Living cones also were reacted with the plant lectins peanut agglutinin (PNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and with a fluorescent stilbene dye, DIDS, which binds selectively to red-sensitive cones (Kleinschmidt, 1991; Kleinschmidt & Harosi, 1992a, b). Three cone populations were distinguished based on differences in size and staining properties. Eighty-eight percent of all cones were stained strongly by COS-1, PNA, and DIDS, but weakly by OS-2. The group of cones stained by COS-1 had the largest mean dimensions of outer segment length, width, and oil droplet diameter. COS-1 negative cones were divisible into two groups: a subclass of miniature cones (approximately 4% total cones) was stained strongly by OS-2, PNA, and DIDS. The balance, constituting approximately 9% total cones, were of intermediate size, were not stained by PNA and reacted weakly to OS-2 and DIDS. WGA stained all cones. Large, COS-1 + cones appear to be red-sensitive and belong to the class of anion-tunable cone pigments. We suggest that the intermediate size, COS-1 negative cones are blue-sensitive based on the finding that blue-sensitive chromatic horizontal cells connect to them preferentially (Witkovsky et al., work in progress). The remaining class of miniature cones may be UV-sensitive, since another amphibian, the salamander, has been shown to possess red-, blue-, and UV-sensitive cones (Perry & McNaughton, 1991).

Keywords

XenopusConeMonoclonal antibodyLectinStilbene dye
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 11 , Issue 6 , November 1994 , pp. 1185 - 1192
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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