Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-hw7sx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T15:06:26.273Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The implication of lighting programmes in intensive broiler production system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2018

M.A. AROWOLO ,
J.H. HE ,
S.P. HE  and
T.O. ADEBOWALE
M.A. AROWOLO
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PRChina
J.H. HE*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PRChina
S.P. HE
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PRChina
T.O. ADEBOWALE
Affiliation:
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, PRChina
*
Corresponding author: jianhuahy@hunau.net
Get access

Abstract

The intensive production system for broiler chicken is characterised by the provision of a suitable micro-climatic condition such as temperature, airflow, relative humidity and light for proper bird's management which always, together with appropriate feeding and nutrition, favours the full growth and production potentials of the birds. Lighting, amongst other factors, is a potent and critical micro-climatic component in broiler houses as it influences many behavioural, physiological and metabolic processes in birds. To optimise the intensive system for broiler production, various lighting programmes (regarding light duration and its distribution, light colour/wavelength and light intensity) have been explored. This review compares the effects of different elements of lighting regimen on the growth performance, health, and welfare and carcass characteristics of broilers. Considering this, various degrees of intermittent photo-period (i.e. mixing photo- and scoto- periods within 24 hours) rather than one continuous photoperiod have been proven to significantly improve broilers’ weight gain by 3.4-5.8%, feed to gain ratio up to 7.3%, mobility up to 46.5%, decrease mortality rate ranging between 0.43% and 0.72%, and finally, increase carcass yield. Short wavelength lights and light intensity of ≥5 lux after the initial brooding period are said to stimulate birds’ metabolism and growth thereby, enhancing the production system. In conclusion, the lighting programme, apart from improving broiler productivity, could reduce cost expended on energy in an intensive production system.

Keywords

broilerlighting regimenphotoperiodscotoperiodproduction performance

Information

Type
Review
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 75 , Issue 1 , March 2019 , pp. 17 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

ABBAS, A.O., ALM EI-DEIN, A.K., DESOKY, A.A. and GALAL, M.A.A. (2008) The effects of photoperiod programmes on broiler chicken performance and immune response. International Journal of Poultry Science 7: 665-671.Google Scholar
AVIAGEN (2014) Lighting for broiler, housing, and environment. Arbor Acre broiler management: handbook, No. 100.Google Scholar
BLATCHFORD, A., KLASING, K.C., SHIVAPRASAD, H.L., WAKENELL, P.S., ARCHERAND, G.S. and MENCH, J.A. (2009) The effect of light intensity on the behavior, eye and leg health, and immune function of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 88: 20-28.Google Scholar
BOEREMA, A.S., RIEDSTRA, B. and STRIJKSTRA, A.M. (2003) Decrease in monocular sleep after sleep deprivation in the domestic chicken. Behaviour 140: 1415-1420.Google Scholar
BOVERA, F., LESTINGI, A., PICCOLO, G., IANNACCONE, F., ATTIA, Y.A. and TATEO, A. (2013) Effect of water restriction on growth performance, feed nutrient digestibility, carcass and meat traits of rabbits. Animal 7: 1600-1606.Google Scholar
BUYSE, J., KÜHN, E.R. and DECUYPERE, E. (1996) The use of intermittent lighting in broiler raising. 1. Effect on broiler performance and efficiency of nitrogen retention. Poultry Science 75: 589-594.Google Scholar
COBAN, O., LACIN, E. and GENC, M. (2014) The Effect of Photoperiod Length on Performance Parameters, Carcass Characteristics and Heterophil/Lymphocyte-Ratio in Broilers. KafKas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 20: 863-870.Google Scholar
COHEN, Y., BELKIN, M., YEHEZKEL, O., AVNI, I. and POLAT, U. (2008) Light intensity modulates corneal power and refraction in the chick eye exposed to continuous light. Vision Research 48: 2329-2335.Google Scholar
DAS, H. and LACIN, E. (2014) The effect of different photoperiods and stocking densities on fattening performance, carcass and some stress parameters in broilers. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine 69: 211-220.Google Scholar
DEEP, A., RAGINSKI, C., SCHWEAN-LARDNER, K., FANCHER, B.I. and CLASSEN, H.L. (2013) Minimum light intensity threshold to prevent negative effects on broiler production and welfare. British Poultry Science 54: 6686-6694.Google Scholar
DEEP, A., SCHWEAN-LARDNER, K., CROWE, T.G., FANCHER, B.I. and CLASSEN, H.L. (2010) Effect of light intensity on broiler production, processing characteristics and welfare. Poultry Science 89: 2326-2333.Google Scholar
DOWNS, K.M., LIEN, R.J., HESS, J.B., BILGILI, S.F. and DOZIER, W.A. (2006) The effects of photoperiod length, light intensity, and feed energy on growth responses and meat yield of broilers. Journal Applied Poultry Research 15: 406-416.Google Scholar
DUKE, G.E., DZIUK, H.E. and HAWKINS, L. (1969) Gastro-intestinal transit-times in normal and blue-comb diseases turkeys. Poultry Science 49: 835-842.Google Scholar
DUVE, L.R., STEENFELDT, S., THODBERG, K. and NIELSEN, B.L. (2011) Splitting the scotoperiod: effects on feeding behaviour, intestinal fill and digestive transit time in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 52: 1-10.Google Scholar
EL SABRY, M.I., YALÇIN, S. and TURGAY-İZZETOĞLU, G. (2015) Effect of breeder age and lighting regimen on growth performance, organ weights, villus development, and bursa of Fabricius histological structure in broiler chickens. Czech Journal of Animal Science 60 (3): 116-122.Google Scholar
EVERSON, C.A., THALACKER, C.D. and HOG, N. (2008) Phagocyte migration and cellular stress induced in liver, lung, and intestine during sleep loss and sleep recovery. America Journal of Physiology- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 295: R2067-R2074.Google Scholar
FIDAN, D.E., NAZLIGÜ, A., TÜRKYILMAZ, M.K., AYPAK, S.U., KILIMCI, F.S., KARAARSLAN, S. and KAYA, M. (2017a) Effect of photoperiod length and light intensity on some welfare criteria, carcass, and meat quality characteristics in broilers. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 46: 202-210.Google Scholar
FIDAN, D.E., NAZLIGÜL, A., TÜRKYILMAZ, M.K., KARAARSLAN, S. and KAYA, M. (2017b) Effects of photoperiod length and light intensity on performance, carcass characteristics and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in broilers. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 23: 39-45.Google Scholar
GARNER, J.P., FALCONE, C., WAKENELL, P., MARTIN, M. and MENCH, J.A. (2002) Reliability and validity of a modified gait scoring system and its use in assessing tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers. British Poultry of Science 43: 355-363.Google Scholar
GRASHORN, M.A. (2006) Fattening performance, carcass and meat quality of slow and fast growing broiler strains under intensive and extensive feeding conditions. Proceedings 12nd European Poultry Conference, September 10-14, Verona, Italy.Google Scholar
HESHAM, M.H., EL SHEREEN, A.H. and ENAS, S.N. (2018) Impact of different light colors in behavior, welfare parameters and growth performance of Fayoumi broiler chickens strain. Journal of The Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 69: 951-958.Google Scholar
KRAM, Y.A., MANTEY, S. and CORBO, J.C. (2010) Avian cone photoreceptors tile the retina as five independent, self-organizing mosaics. PLoS One 5: e8992.Google Scholar
KRISTENSEN, H.H., PRESCOTT, N.B., PERRY, G.C., LADEWIG, J., ERSBOLL, A.K., OVERAD, K.C. and WATHES, C.M. (2007) The behaviour of broiler chickens in different light sources and illuminances. Applied Animal Behavior Science 103: 75-89.Google Scholar
KRISTENSEN, H.H., AERTS, J.M., LEROY, T., WATHES, C.M. and BERCKMANS, D. (2006) Modelling the dynamic activity of broiler chickens in response to step-wise changes in light intensity. Applied Animal Behavior Science 10: 125-143.Google Scholar
LAUBER, J.K. and MCGINNIS, J. (1966) Eye Lesions In Domestic Fowl Reared Under Continuous Light. Vision Research 6: 619-624.Google Scholar
LI, Y., SUN, Y., HUA, D., WANG, Q., WANG, C., BAI, H., LIU, N., LI, D., LUO, Q., CHEN, C. and CHEN, J. (2015) Effects of Light Color on Production and Carcass Performance and Sexual Characteristics in Yellow-feathered Broilers. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica 46: 1169-1175.Google Scholar
LIEN, R.J., HESS, J.B., MCKEE, S.R., BILGILI, S.F. and TOWNSEND, J.C. (2007) Effect of light intensity and photoperiod on live performance, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and processing yields of broilers. Poultry Science 86: 1287-1293.Google Scholar
LIU, W., WANG, Z. and CHEN, Y. (2010) Effects of monochromatic light on developmental changes in satellite population of pectoral muscle in broilers during early posthatch. Anatomical Record (Hoboken) 293: 1315-1324Google Scholar
LIU, W., CHEN, Y., WANG, Z., DONG, Y., CAO, J., XIE, D. and JIA, L. (2008) Effect of Monochromatic Light on the Muscle Growth and Muscle Fiber Development and Testosterone Secretion in Broilers. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica 39: 1759-1764.Google Scholar
MENDES, A.S., PAIXÃO, S.J., RESTELATTO, R., MORELLO, G. M., DE MOURA, D.J. and POSSENTI, J.C. (2013) Performance and preference of broiler chickens exposed to different lighting sources . Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22: 62-70.Google Scholar
MIDDLETON, B., ARENDT, J. and STONE, B.M. (1996) Human circadian rhythms in constant dim light (8 lux) with knowledge of clock time. Journal of Sleep Research 5: 69-76.Google Scholar
MLABA, P.P., CIACCIARIELLO, M. and GOUS, R.M. (2015) The effect of dietary protein on breast meat yield of broilers reared on different day lengths. South African Journal of Animal Science 45: 1.Google Scholar
NAQUI, S.A., LEWIS, D.H. and HALL, C.F. (1970) Intestinal microflora in turkeys. Avian Diseases 14: 620-625.Google Scholar
NARİNÇ, D., AKSOY, T., ÖNENÇ, A. and İLASLAN ÇÜREK, D. (2015) The Influence of Body Weight on Carcass and Carcass Part Yields, and Some Meat Quality Traits in Fast- and Slow-Growing Broiler Chickens. KafKas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 12: 527-534.Google Scholar
AKSOY, T., ÖNENÇ, A., NARINÇ, D., ÇÜREK, D.İ., YAPIC, N. and BAYLAN, D. (2010) Effect of Different Slaughter Weights, Genotype and Sex on Sensory Attributes of Chicken Breast Meat. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University 24: 103-113.Google Scholar
NEWBERRY, R.C., HUNT, J.R. and GARDINER, E.E. (1988) Influence of light intensity on behavior and performance on broiler chickens. Poultry Science 67: 1020-1025.Google Scholar
OLANREWAJU, H.A., MILLER, W.W., MASLIN, W.R., THAXTON, J.P., DOZIER, W.A., PURSWELL, J. and BRANTON, S.L. (2007) Interactive Effects of Ammonia and Light Intensity on Ocular, Fear and Leg Health in Broiler Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 6: 762-769.Google Scholar
OLANREWAJU, H.A., MILLER, W.W., MASLIN, W.R., COLLIER, S., PURSWELL, J.L. and BRANTON, S.L. (2016) Effects of light sources and intensity on broilers grown to heavy weights. Part 1: Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and welfare indices. Poultry Science 95: 727-735.Google Scholar
OLANREWAJU, H.A., PURSWELL, J.L., COLLIER, S.D. and BRANTON, S.L. (2011) Effect of varying light intensity on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens grown to heavy weights. International Journal of Poultry Science 10: 921-926.Google Scholar
OLANREWAJU, H.A., THAXTON, J.P., DOZIER, W.A., PURSWELL, J., ROUSH, W.B. and BRANTON, S.L. (2006) A review of lighting programmes for broiler production. International Journal of Poultry Science 5: 301-308.Google Scholar
PAN, J., YANG, Y., YANG, B., DAI, W. and YU, Y. (2015) Human-friendly light-emitting diode source stimulates broiler growth. PLoS One 10: e0135330.Google Scholar
PANG, S.F., PANG, C.S., POON, A.M.S., WAN, Q., SONG, Y. and BROWN, G.M. (1996) An overview of melatonin and melatonin receptors in birds. Poultry and Avian Biology Revolution 7: 217-228.Google Scholar
PARVU, M., ANDRONIE, L.C., SIMION, V.E. and AMFIM, A. (2014) The bio-productive effect of broiler lighting programme. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 47: 286.Google Scholar
PHILLIPS, N.H. and BERGER, R.J. (1992) Melatonin infusions restore sleep suppressed by continuous bright light in pigeons. Neuroscience Letters 145: 217-220.Google Scholar
PRAYITNO, D., PHILLIPS, C. and OMED, H. (1997) The effects of the colour of lighting on the behaviour and production of meat chickens. Poultry Science 76: 452-457.Google Scholar
PRESCOTT, N.B., WATHES, C.M. and JARVIS, J.R. (2004) Light, vision and the welfare of poultry. Animal Welfare 12: 269-288.Google Scholar
RAMÃO, I.B., NUNES, R.V., BRUNO, L.D.G., TSUTSUMI, C.Y., SILVA, W.T.M. and POZZA, M.S.S. (2011) Evaluation of different pre-slaughter light intensities and fasting duration in broilers. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 13: 4.Google Scholar
RATTENBORG, N.C., OBERMEYER, W.H., VACHA, E. and BENCA, R.M. (2005) Acute effects of light and darkness on sleep in the pigeon. Physiology Behaviour 84: 635-640.Google Scholar
REITER, K. and BESSEI, W. (1998) Effect of locomotor activity on bone development and leg disorders in broilers. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 62: 247-253.Google Scholar
REITER, R.J., TAN, D.X. and GALANO, A. (2014) Melatonin: Exceeding expectations. Physiology 29: 325-333.Google Scholar
RIBER, A.B. (2015) Effects of color of light on preferences, performance, and welfare in broilers. Poultry Science 94: 1767-1775.Google Scholar
RODENBOOG, H., NOORD and OOST, P. (2001) Sodium, green, blue, cool or warm-white light. World Poultry 17: 22-23.Google Scholar
ROZENBOIM, I., BIRAN, I., CHAISEHA, Y., YAHAV, S., ROSENSTRAUCH, A., SKLAN, D. and HALEVY, O. (2004) The effect of a green and blue monochromatic light combination on broiler growth and development. Poultry Science 83: 842-845.Google Scholar
RUTZ, F. and BERMUDEZ, V.L. (2004) Fundamentos de um programmea de luz para frangos de corte, in: MENDES, A.A., NAAS, I.A. & MACARI, M. (Eds) Produção de frangos de corte, pp.157-168 (Campinas: facta).Google Scholar
SCHWEAN-LARDNER, K. and CLASSEN, H. (2010) . Lighting for broilers. Aviagen Arbor Acre broiler management: handbook, No. 8.Google Scholar
SCHWEAN-LARDNER, K., FANCHER, B.I., GOMIS, S., VAN KESSEL, A. and CLASSEN, H.L. (2013) Effect of day length on the cause of mortality, leg health and ocular health in broilers. Poultry Science 92: 1-11.Google Scholar
SCHWEAN-LARDNER, K., VERMETTE, C., LEIS, M. and CLASSEN, H.L. (2016) Basing Turkey Lighting Programmes on Broiler Research: A Good Idea? A Comparison of 18 Day-length effects on broiler and turkey welfare. Animals (Basel) 6: 27.Google Scholar
SENARATNA, D., SAMARAKONE, T., ATAPATTU, N.S.B.M. and NAYANARASI, H.A.D. (2008) Effect of the colour of light on growth performance, behaviour and bone parameters of broiler chicken. Tropical Agricultural Research 20: 185-192.Google Scholar
SENARATNA, D., SAMARAKONE, T., MADUSANKA, A.A.P. and GUNAWARDANE, W.W.D.A. (2012) Preference of broiler chicken for different light colours in relation to age, session of the day and behaviour. Journal of Tropical Agriculture Research 23: 193-203.Google Scholar
SENARATNA, D., SAMARAKONE, T.S. and GUNAWARDENA, W.W.D.A. (2016) Red Color Light at Different Intensities Affects the Performance, Behavioral Activities and Welfare of Broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 29: 1052-1059.Google Scholar
ŠKRBIĆ, Z., PAVLOVSKI, Z., LUKIC, M. and PETRICEVIC, V. (2015) Incidence of footpad dermatitis and hock burns in broilers as affected by genotype, lighting programme and litter type . Annals of Animal Science 15: 433-445.Google Scholar
ŠKRBIĆ, Z., PAVLOVSKI, Z., LUKIC, M., PETRICEVIC, V., MILJKOVIC, B. and MARINKOV, G. (2012) The effect of the diet on incidence of footpad lesions and productivity of broilers. Biotechnology Animal Husbandry 28: 353-360.Google Scholar
SØRENSEN, P., SU, G. and KESTIN, S.C. (2000) Effects of age and stocking density on leg weakness in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 79: 864-870.Google Scholar
SULTANA, S., HASSAN, M.R., CHOE, H.S. and RYU, K.S. (2013) The effect of monochromatic and mixed LED light colour on the behaviour and fear responses of broiler chicken. Avian Biology Research 6: 207-214.Google Scholar
SUMMERS, J.P. and LEESON, S. (1979) Comparison of feed withdrawal time and passage of gut contents in broiler chickens held in crates or litter pens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59: 63-66.Google Scholar
SUN, Y.Y., LI, Y.L., LI, D.L., CHEN, C., BAI, H., XUE, F.G. and CHEN, J.L. (2017) Responses of broilers to the near-continuous lighting, constant 16-h lighting, and constant 16-h lighting with a 2-h night interruption, Livestock Science 206: 135-140.Google Scholar
TOMÁS-ZAPICO, C. and COTO-MONTES, A. (2005) A proposed mechanism to explain the stimulatory effect of melatonin on antioxidative enzymes . Journal of Pineal Research 39: 99-104.Google Scholar
VELO, R. and CEULAR, A. (2016) Effects of stocking density, light and perches on broiler growth. Animal Science Journal 88: 386-393.Google Scholar
XIE, D., WANG, Z.X., DONG, Y.L., CAO, J., WANG, J.F., CHEN, J.L. and CHEN, Y.X. (2008) Effects of monochromatic light on immune response of broilers. Poultry Science 87: 1535-1539.Google Scholar
YANG, H., XING, H., WANG, Z., JINLONG, X., YAN, W., BANGHONG, H. and ZHANG, J. (2015) Effects of Intermittent Lighting on Broiler Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Tibia Parameters. Italian Journal of Animal Science 14 (4): 4143.Google Scholar
YANG, Y., YU, Y., PAN, J., YING, Y. and ZHOU, H. (2016) A new method to manipulate broiler chicken growth and metabolism: Response to mixed LED light system. Scientific Reports 6: 25972.Google Scholar
ZHENG, L., MA, Y.E., GU, L.Y., YUAN, D., SHI, M.L., GUO, X.Y. and ZHAN, X.A. (2013) Growth performance, antioxidant status, and nonspecific immunity in broilers under different lighting regimens. Poultry Science 22: 798-807.Google Scholar