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Overview of chicken taxonomy and domestication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 June 2007

A. AL-NASSER ,
H. Al-KHALAIFA ,
A. AL-SAFFAR ,
F. KHALIL ,
M. ALBAHOUH ,
G. RAGHEB ,
A. AL-HADDAD  and
M. MASHALY
A. AL-NASSER*
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
H. Al-KHALAIFA
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
A. AL-SAFFAR
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
F. KHALIL
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
M. ALBAHOUH
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
G. RAGHEB
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
A. AL-HADDAD
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
M. MASHALY
Affiliation:
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait
*
*Corresponding author: anasser@kisr.edu.kw
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Abstract

Chickens are the most popular poultry worldwide and are now used for both meat and egg production. There is only a sporadic information in the literature on chicken taxonomy; and there is a lack of a single concise document that deals with different issues related to this important topic. The present document contains detailed information on the tree taxonomy of chickens. In addition, process of domestication and its effect on chicken genetic diversity, physiology and behaviour are also discussed. The major conclusions are as follows: 1) Chickens are classified as: order: Galliformes, family: Phasianidae, genus: Gallus (junglefowl). Four species of junglefowl are recognized. These are: a) Gallus gallus (red junglefowl), b) Gallus varius (green junglefowl), c) Gallus sonneratii (grey junglefowl) and d) Gallus lafayetii (Ceylon junglefowl). The current chickens that are used for both meat and egg production commercially are domesticated fowl and are the descendants of the red junglefowl species. 2) Domestication process is a complicated one and involves intensive breeding and selection programmes. During this process, genetic diversity is still maintained, yet reduced, so careful attention is needed in the future to maintain the diversity of specialized chicken species. 3) Domestication resulted in basic changes in the behaviour, physiology and production of the bird, but still there are some similarities between the ancestor and the current chickens.

Keywords

chicken taxonomyjunglefowldomesticationdomesticated fowl

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Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , June 2007 , pp. 285 - 300
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2007

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