Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T13:57:55.380Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Non-destructive measurements of egg parameters and quality characteristics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

V.G. Narushin
Affiliation:
Institute of Mechanization of Animal Husbandry, O. Khortitsa, Zaporozhye 330017, The Ukraine
Get access

Abstract

Non-destructive methods for assessing egg quality are used in the egg industry and in research on avian embryogenesis, incubation, selection programmes, genetics etc. According to the purpose for which they are being used, non-destructive methods have to meet certain requirements – rapid estimation of the results in the case of industrial use and high significance when used in research. In both cases minimum measurement of the initial parameters is preferable. In this review methods are considered that allow calculation of such egg variables as volume, surface area, shell weight, shell volume, shell density and thickness; weight, volume and density of egg contents; yolk and albumen weights; Haugh unit score and consistency of the interior; and strength characteristics of an egg that keep it intact.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ar, A., Paganelli, C.V., Reeves, R.B., Greene, D.G. and Rahn, H. (1974) The avian egg: water vapor conductance, shell thickness, and functional pore area. Condor 76: 153158CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ar, A., Rahn, H. and Paganelli, C.V. (1979) The avian egg: mass and strength. Condor 81: 331337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arzamastsev, V.N. (1979) Apparatus for determination of egg quality by yolk position. Pat.USSR 705,333 G01N 33/08 Filed 12 25, 1979, No. 47Google Scholar
Arzamastsav, V.M., Tsarickov, N., Petrova, T., Tyumeneva, N., Grishina, N. and Fyodorova, E. (1977) Determination of yolk index. Poultry Breeding 9: 33 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Atanasoff, J.V. and Wilcke, H.L. (1937) Measurement of the viscosity of eggs by the use of a torsion pendulum. Journal of Agricultural Research 54: 701709Google Scholar
Ayupov, F.G. (1975) On the determination of shell thickness by egg elastic deformation. Advanced Scientific-Industrial Experience in Poultry Breeding. Expression Information 11: 2425 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Ayupov, F.G. (1976) On the egg mathematical model. Advanced Scientific-Industrial Experience in Poultry Breeding. Express Information 9: 1416 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Ayupov, F.G. (1987) Morphological peculiarities of synthesis in the shell of hens' eggs. Bulletin of All Union Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutrition in Domestic Animals 1: 6668 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Bonnet, Y. and Mongin, P. (1965) Mesure de la surface de l'oeuf. Annales de Zootechnique 14: 311317CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, J. and Hale, H.P. (1955) Strength of the shell of the hen's egg. Nature, London 175: 848849CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budickov, O.M. (1965) To the method of measuring passive electric parameters of intact hen's egg. In: Methods of Breeding in Animal Husbandry, Lettingrad, Kolos 11: 284293 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Budickov, O.M. (1968) An influence of pH and the weight of hen's egg structures (or environments) on its reactive resistance. Agricultural Biology 3: 461463 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1968a) The hen's egg: a mathematical model with three parameters. British Poultry Science 9: 165171CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1968b) The hen's egg: density of egg shell and egg contents. British Poultry Science 9: 265271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1968c) The hen's egg: estimation of egg mean and flock mean shell thickness. British Poultry Science 9: 343357CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1970) The hen's egg: some factors effecting deformation in statically loaded shells. British Poultry Science 11: 1538CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1974) The hen's egg: estimation of shell superficial area and egg volume from four shell measurements. British Poultry Science 15: 507511CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1975a) The hen's egg: a rapid method for routine estimation of flock mean shell thickness. British Poultry Science 16: 131143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1975b) The hen's egg: estimation of shell superficial area and egg volume, using measurements of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination. British Poultry Science 16: 541543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1976) The hen's egg: shell forces at impact and quasi-static compression.British Poultry Science 17: 199214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1977) The hen's egg: a method for estimating the principal curvature at any point on the shell. British Poultry Science 18: 101106Google Scholar
Carter, T.C. (1978) The hen's egg: shell fracture under quasi-static and static loading. British Poultry Science 19: 249259CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, T.C. and Jones, R.M. (1970) The hen's egg: shell shape and size parameters and their interrelations. British Poultry Science 11: 179188CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisinin, V.I. and Ayupov, F.G. (1975) On the relationship of egg specific gravity by the ratio of its components. In: Scientific Aspects of the Industrial Production of Poultry Eggs and Meat, VNITIP, Zagorsk 39: 8790 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Fisinin, V.I.., Zhuravlyov, I.V. and Aidinyan, T.G. (1990) Embryological Development of Birds, Agropromizdat, Moscow (in Russian)Google Scholar
Frank, F.R.Swanson, M.H. and Burger, R.E. (1964) The relationship between selected physical characteristics and the resistance to shell failure of Gallus domesticus eggs. Poultry Science 43: 12281235CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, R.M.G. (1982) Methods and factors that affect the measurement of eggshell quality. Poultry Science 61: 20222039CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, R.H., Rossi, A.F., Sloan, D.R., Miles, R.D. and Christmas, R.B. (1990) A method for estimating shell weight in eggshell quality studies. Poultry Science 69: 4852CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haugh, R.R. (1937) The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. U.S. Egg Poultry Magazine 43: 552555,572–573Google Scholar
Howell, T.R. (1979) Breeding Biology of the Egyptian Plover, Pluvianus aegyptius. University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles-LondonGoogle Scholar
Hughes, R.J. (1984) Estimation of shell surface area from measurements of length, breadth, and weight of hen eggs. Poultry Science 63: 24712474CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunton, P. (1982) Genetic factors affecting egg shell quality. World's Poultry Science Journal 38: 7584CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunton, P. (1985) Laboratory evaluations of egg quality. In: Egg Quality – Current Problems and Recent Advances (Eds Wells, R.G. and Belyavin, C.G.), Butterworths, London pp.87102Google Scholar
Hunton, P. (1995) Understanding the architecture of the egg shell. World's Poultry Science Journal 51: 141147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffé, W.P. (1964) The relationship between egg weight and yolk weight. British Poultry Science 5: 295298CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, P.E. and Retzer, H.J. (1967) Measuring egg shell strength by beta backscatter technique. Poultry Science 46: 12001203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kader, Y.M.A. and Wezyk, S. (1979) The relationship between some characters of egg shell quality and their relationship to other quality traits. Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki 6: 4954Google Scholar
Kosba, M. and Eid, S. (1983) Phenotypic and genetic correlation between egg characters and embryo and chick weights of Alexandria and Fayoumi chickens. Beitr. crop. Landwirtsch. Veter.-Med. 21: 455458Google ScholarPubMed
Kostova, Z. (1974) Influence of shell strength on the quality of incubation of turkey eggs. Animal Husbandry Science 11: 8993 (in Bulgarian)Google Scholar
Manceau, J.R. and Henderson, J.M. (1970) Stress analysis of eggshell. Transactions of the ASAE 13: 440443Google Scholar
Mänd, R. (1988) In: Intrapopulation Variation of Avian Eggs (Ed. Sutt., T.), Valgus, Tallinn (in Russian)Google Scholar
Mueller, C.D. and Scott, H.M. (1940) The porosity of the egg-shell in relation to hatchability. Poultry Science 19: 163166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H.A. Jr (1925) Chicken embryos. II: catabolism, chemical changes in fertile eggs during incubation. Selection of standard conditions. Journal of General Physiology 9: 137CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Narushin, V.G. (1993) New indestructive methods of egg parameters and eggshell quality determination. 5th European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products, Tours (France) pp.217222Google Scholar
Narushin, V.G. (1994a) Express method for determination of egg morphological parameters. 9th European Poultry Conference Glasgow (UK) 1: 385386Google Scholar
Narushin, V.G. (1994b) Estimation of mean shell thickness from egg parameters. 9th European Poultry Conference Glasgow (UK) 1: 387388Google Scholar
Narushin, V.G. (1994c) To work out theoretical aspects of non-destructive methods of controlling the morphological parameters of avian eggs. Report No. 0294U001493. Institute of Mechanization of Animal Husbandry, Zaporozhye (in Russian)Google Scholar
Narushin, V.G. and Morgun, A.Y. (1995) Prediction of Haugh unit in genetic research. 11 th Inter-national Symposium on Current Problems in Avian Genetics, Balice near Krakov (Poland), pp.164166Google Scholar
Narushin, V.G., Morgun, A.Y. and Bogatyr, V.P. (1994) Estimation of yolk weight in hen's egg. VIIIth Intertlational Symposium of Young Poultry Scientists, Bydgoszcz-Pieczyska k. Koronowa (Poland), pp.172 (abstract)Google Scholar
Nordstrom, J.O. and Ousterhout, L.E. (1982) Estimation of shell weight and shell thickness from egg specific gravity and egg weight. Poultry Science 61: 19911995CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, N. (1934) Studies on specific gravity of hens' eggs. A new method of determining the percentage of shell in hen's eggs. Leipzig, Otto HarrassowitzGoogle Scholar
Paganelli, C.V. (1980) The physics of gas exchange across the avian eggshell. America Zoologist 20: 329338CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paganelli, C.V., Olszowka, A. and Ar, A. (1974) The avian egg: surface area, volume, and density. Condor 76: 319325CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkinson, J.F., Sauter, E.A., Petersen, C.F. and Steele, E.E. (1982) Interrelationship of eggsize and eggshell quality factors. Poultry Science 61: 1523 (abstract)Google Scholar
Petrov, B.G. (1982) Density of egg contents as an indicator of its quality. In: Nestling Life of Birds (Ed.Bolotnikov, A.M.), Perm, Perm State Pedagogical Institute, pp.8185 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Preston, F.W. (1953) The shapes of birds' eggs. Auk 70: 160182CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, F.W. (1968) The shapes of birds' eggs: mathematical aspects. Auk 85: 454463CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RECOMMENDATIONS ON DETERMINATION OF GOOSE EGG QUALITY (1987) Krasnodar, Cubansky Agricultural Institute (in Russian)Google Scholar
Rehkugler, G.E. (1973) Characterizing the shape of a hen's egg. Poultry Science 52: 127138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, J.F. and Swanson, M.H. (1965) The relationship of egg shape to shell strength. Poultry Science 44: 15551558CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romanoff, A.L. and Romanoff, A.J. (1949) The Avian Egg. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Schoorl, P. and Boersma, H.Y. (1963) Research on the quality of the egg shell. 12th World Poultry Congress, Sydney (Australia) 432435Google Scholar
Sergeyeva, A. (1976) Methods for estimation of shell quality. Poultry Breeding 8: 2628 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Sergeyeva, A. (1986) Shell quality and egg hatching. Poultry Breeding 3: 2425 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Shpits, I.S. and Danilova, A.K. (1960) Influence of shell quality of chicken eggs on the mineral metabolism in embryo and adult birds. In: Transactions of All-Union Poultry Research Institute, Kolos, Moscow 30: 8794 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Slavin, R.M. (1978) Complex Mechanization and Automatization of lndustrial Poultry Farming, Kolos, Moscow (in Russian)Google Scholar
Slavin, R.M. and Levin, V.L. (1978) Method for eggs grading during transporting. Pat. USSR 602,145A0IK43/08. Filed April 15, 1978, No.14.Google Scholar
Smart, I.H.M. (1967) The cube of the avian egg. Journal of Anatomy 101: 634635Google Scholar
Sooncharenying, S. and Edwards, H.M. (1989) Modelling the relationships of egg weight, specific gravity, shell calcium, and shell thickness. British Poultry Science 30: 623631CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, D.A. (1973) A computer study of egg shell forces at impact on cage floors. British Poultry Science 14: 431444CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanatarov, A.B., Tanatarova, B.M. and Akhmetov, K.A. (1990) Construction of twin and multiple correlatively regressive models of hens' eggs parameters. (Deponental manuscript), Alma-Ata, No 419 BC-90 Dep. (in Russian)Google Scholar
Tsarenko, P.P. (1988) Increasing the Quality of Poultry Products: Table and Hatching Eggs, Agropromizdat, Leningrad (in Russian)Google Scholar
Tsarenko, P.P. (1969) Objective method for determination of yolk mobility as a sign in egg selection. In: Methods of Selection in Broiler and Egg Poultry Breeding, Pushkin, Research Laboratory of Animal Breeding, 13: 169172 (in Russian)Google Scholar
Tsarenko, P.P. (1972) Method for determination of the contents of firm and watery fraction in the egg. Pat. USSR 348,945 G 01 N 33/08. Filed August 23, 1972, No.25Google Scholar
Tsarenko, P.P. (1973) Apparatus for determination of egg quality. Pat. USSR 390,439 G 01 n 33/08. Filed July 11, 1973, No.30Google Scholar
Tyler, C. (1961) Shell strength: its measurement and its relationship to other factors. British Poultry Science 2: 318CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, C. (1970) The relationship between thickness and snapping strength in egg shells of the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 11: 4552CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, C. and Geake, F.H. (1961) Studies on egg shells. XV. Critical appraisal of various methods of assessing shell thickness. Journal of Science for Food and Agriculture 12: 281289CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vladimirova, Y.N. and Sergeyeva, A.M. (1969) Estimation of Hatching Egg Quality, Kolos, Moscow (in Russian)Google Scholar
Voisey, P.W. and Hamilton, R.M.G. (1976a) Factors affecting the non-destructive and destructive methods of measuring egg shell strength by the quasi-static compression test. British Poultry Scieme 17: 103124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voisey, P.W. and Hamilton, R.M.G. (1976b) Notes on the measurement of egg specific gravity to estimate shell quality. Engineering Research Service, Agricultural Canada, Report 7322–598Google Scholar
Voisey, P.W. and Hunt, J.R. (1967) Physical properties of egg shells. 4. Stress distribution in the shell. British Poultry Science 8: 263271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voisey, P.W. and Hunt, J.R. (1974) Measurement of eggshell strength. Journal of Exture Studirs 5: 135182CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voisey, P.W. and Hunt, J.R. (1976) Comparison of several eggshell characteristics with impact resistance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 56: 299304CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voisey, P.W. and James, P.E. (1970) Factors affecting the performance of the beta backscatter eggshell measurement. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 12: 4851Google Scholar
Voisey, P.W., Hamilton, R.M.G. and Thompson, B.K. (1979) Laboratory measurements of eggshell strength. 2. The quasi-static compression, puncture, non-destructive deformation, and specific gravity methods applied to the same egg. Poultry Science 58: 288294CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, R.G. (1968) The measurement of certain egg quality characteristics: a review. In: Egg Quality – A Study of the Hen's Egg (Ed. Carter, T.C.), Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp.214225Google Scholar
Yeremeyev, G.P. (1969) Biochemistry of Development of Avian Egg (Lecture), Omsk (in Russian)Google Scholar
Zvonova, L. (1974) Morphological quality of eggs independent of their weights. Advanced Scientific-Industrial Experience in Poultry Farming. Express Information 10: 1617 (in Russian)Google Scholar