European Court of Human Rights
A, B and C v. Ireland [GC], App. No. 25579/05, 16 December 2010.
A.K. v. Latvia, App. No. 33011/08, 24 June 2014.
A.L. v. France, App. No. 13344/20, 7 April 2022.
A.M. v. Norway, App. No. 30254/18, 24 March 2022.
Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali v. The United Kingdom, App. Nos. 9214/80; 9473/81; 9474/81, 28 May 1985.
Ahrens v. Germany, App. No. 45071/09, 22 March 2012.
Akdeniz v. Turkey, App. No. 20877/10, 11 March 2014.
Anayo v. Germany, App. No. 20578/07, 21 December 2010.
Animal Defenders International v. The United Kingdom [GC], App. No. 48876/08, 22 April 2013.
Arslan and Bingöl v. Turkey, App. Nos. 47121/06; 13988/07; 34750/07, 18 June 2019.
Aspisi v. Italy, App. No. 44453/19, 14 February 2023.
B. and L. v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 36536/02, 13 September 2005.
B.B. v. Poland, App. No. 67171/17, 18 October 2022.
Baghli v. France, App. No. 34374/97, 30 November 1999.
Biao v. Denmark [GC], App. No. 38590/10, 24 May 2016.
Bonnaud and Lecoq v. France, App. No. 6190/11, 1 March 2018.
Bortolato v. Italy, App. No. 35967, 10 January 2023.
Boso v. Italy, App. No. 50490/99, 5 September 2002.
Bruggeman and Scheuten v. Germany, App. No. 6959/75, 12 July 1977.
Budayeva and Others v. Russia, App. No. 15339/02, 20 March 2008.
Burghartz v. Switzerland, App. No. 16213/90, 22 February 1994.
C. and E. v. France, App. Nos. 1462/18; 17348/18, 19 November 2019.
C.E. and Others v. France, App. Nos. 29775/18; 29693/19, 24 March 2022.
Callamand v. France, App. No. 2338/20, 7 April 2022.
Carbonai v. Italy, App. No. 9825/21, 29 November 2022.
Case ‘relating to certain aspects of the laws on the use of languages in education in Belgium’ (Belgian Linguistics Case), App. Nos. 1474/62; 1677/62; 1691/62; 1769/63; 1994/63; 2126/64, 23 July 1968.
Cengiz Kılıç v. Turkey, App. No. 16192/06, 6 December 2011.
Centre for Legal Resources on Behalf of Valentin Câmpeanu v. Romania, App. No. 47848/08, 17 July 2014.
Charron and Merle-Montet v. France, App. No. 22612/15, 16 January 2018.
Christine Goodwin v. The United Kingdom [GC], App. No. 28957/95, 11 July 2002.
Codarcea v. Romania, App. No. 31675/04, 2 June 2009.
Cossey v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 10843/84, 27 September 1990.
Costa and Pavan v. Italy, App. No. 54270/10, 28 August 2012.
Courten v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 4479/06, 4 November 2008.
Csoma v. Romania, App. No. 8759/05, 15 January 2013.
D. and B. v. Austria, App. No. 40597/12, 31 October 2017.
D. and Others v. Belgium, App. No. 29176/13, 8 July 2014.
D. v. France, App. No. 11288/18, 16 July 2004.
D. v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 30240/96, 2 May 1997.
D.B. and Others v. Switzerland, App. Nos. 58817/15; 58252/15, 22 November 2022.
Dalia v. France, App. No. 26102/95, 19 February 1998.
Denisov v. Ukraine [GC], App. No. 76639/11, 25 September 2018.
Dickson v. The United Kingdom [GC], App. No. 44362/04, 4 December 2007.
Draon v. France [GC], App. No. 1513/03, 6 October 2005.
E.B. v. France [GC], App. No. 43546/02, 22 January 2008.
Emonet v. Switzerland, App. No. 39051/03, 13 December 2007.
Eryiğit v. Turkey, App. No. 18356/11, 10 April 2018.
Evans v. The United Kingdom [GC], App. No. 6339/05, 10 April 2007.
Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], App. Nos. 40792/10; 30538/14; 43439/14, 17 January 2023.
Foulon and Bouvet v. France, App. Nos. 9063/14; 10410/14, 21 July 2016.
G.B. and R.B. v. The Republic of Moldova, App. No. 16761/09, 18 December 2012.
G.M. and Others v. The Republic of Moldova, App. No. 44394/15, 22 November 2022.
Gas and Dubois v. France, App. No. 25951/07, 15 March 2012.
Gaskin v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 10454/83, 7 July 1989.
Gudrun Hansen v. Turkey, App. No. 36141/97, 23 September 2003.
H. v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 32185/20, 31 May 2022.
H.N. v. Poland, App. No. 77710/01, 13 September 2005.
Hirst v. The United Kingdom (No. 2) [GC], App. No. 74025/01, 6 October 2005.
Hokkanen v. Finland, App. No. 19823/92, 23 September 1994.
Honner v. France, App. No. 19511/16, 12 November 2020.
Hugh Jordan v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 24746/94, 4 May 2001.
I. v. The United Kingdom [GC], App. No. 25680/94, 11 July 2002.
I.G. and M.K. v. Slovakia, App. No. 15966/04, 13 November 2012.
J.M. v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 37060/06, 28 September 2010.
Jäggi v. Switzerland, App. No. 58757/00, 13 July 2006.
Jeunesse v. The Netherlands [GC], App. No. 12738/10, 3 October 2014.
Jurčić v. Croatia, App. No. 54711/15, 4 February 2021.
K.K. and Others v. Denmark, App. No. 25212/21, 6 December 2022.
Kalda v. Estonia, App. No. 17429/10, 19 January 2016.
Karner v. Austria, App. No. 40016/98, 24 July 2003.
Keegan v. Ireland, App. No. 16969/90, 26 May 1994.
Keenan v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 27229/95, 3 April 2001.
Knecht v. Romania, App. No. 10048/10, 2 October 2012.
Konstantin Markin v. Russia [GC], App. No. 30078/06, 22 March 2012.
Kopf and Liberda v. Austria, App. No. 1598/06, 17 January 2012.
Kozak v. Poland, App. No. 13102/02, 2 March 2010.
Kroon v. The Netherlands, App. No. 18535/91, 27 October 1994.
Kuppinger v. Germany, App. No. 62198/11, 15 January 2015.
Kurt v. Turkey, App. No. 24276/94, 25 May 1998.
L. v. The Netherlands, App. No. 45582/99, 1 June 2004.
Labassee v. France, App. No. 65941/11, 26 June 2014.
Laborie v. France, App. No. 44024/13, 19 January 2017.
Lautsi and Others v. Italy [Chamber], App. No. 30814/06, 3 November 2009.
Lautsi and Others v. Italy [GC], App. No. 30814/06, 18 March 2011.
Lia v. Malta, App. No. 8709/20, 5 May 2022.
Lukács v. Hungary, App. No. 61924/15, 16 December 2020.
Lyubenova v. Bulgaria, App. No. 13786/04, 18 October 2011.
M.P. and Others v. Romania, App. No. 39974/10, 15 April 2014.
M.S. v. Croatia (No. 2), App. No. 75450/12, 19 February 2015.
Mandet v. France, App. No. 30955/12, 14 January 2016.
Manenc v. France, App. No. 66686/09, 21 September 2010.
Marckx v. Belgium, App. No. 6833/74, 13 June 1979.
Maurice v. France [GC], App. No. 11810/03, 6 October 2005.
McCann and Others v. The United Kingdom [GC], App. No. 18984/91, 27 September 1995.
Mennesson v. France, App. No. 65192/11, 26 June 2014.
Mikulić v. Croatia, App. No. 53176/99, 7 February 2002.
Moretti and Benedetti v. Italy, App. No. 16318/07, 27 April 2010.
N.B. v. Slovakia, App. No. 29518/10, 12 June 2012.
N.M. and Others v. France, App. No. 66328/14, 3 February 2022.
Nazarenko v. Russia, App. No. 39438/13, 16 July 2015.
Nedescu v. Romania, App. No. 70035/10, 16 January 2018.
Nitecki v. Poland, App. No. 65653/01, 21 March 2002.
Odièvre v. France [GC], App. No. 42326/98, 13 February 2003.
Okpisz v. Germany, App. No. 59140/00, 25 October 2005.
Oliari and Others v. Italy, App. Nos. 18766/11; 36030/11, 21 July 2015.
Omoregie and Others v. Norway, App. No. 265/07, 31 July 2008.
Open Door Counselling and Others v. Ireland, App. Nos. 14234/88; 14235/88, 29 October 1992.
Ostace v. Romania, App. No. 12547/06, 25 February 2014.
P.B. and J.S. v. Austria, App. No. 18984/02, 22 July 2010.
Panaitescu v. Romania, App. No. 30909/06, 10 April 2012.
Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy [Chamber], App. No. 25358/12, 27 January 2015.
Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy [GC], App. No. 25358/12, 24 January 2017.
Parrillo v. Italy [GC], App. No. 46470/11, 27 August 2015.
Pejřilová v. The Czech Republic, App. No. 14889/19, 8 December 2022.
Pentiacova and Others v. The Republic of Moldova, App. No. 14462/03, 4 January 2005.
Petithory Lanzmann v. France, App. No. 23038/19, 12 November 2019.
Petrovic v. Austria, App. No. 20458/92, 27 March 1998.
Pini and Bertani & Manera and Atripaldi v. Romania, App. Nos. 78028/01; 78030/01, 22 June 2004.
Pretty v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 2346/02, 29 April 2002.
R.R. v. Poland, App. No. 27617/04, 26 May 2011.
Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia, App. No. 25965/04, 7 January 2010.
Rees v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 9532/81, 17 October 1986.
Ristevska and Ristevski v. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, App. No. 54344/07, 2 July 2013.
Rodrigues da Silva and Hoogkamer v. The Netherlands, App. No. 50435/99, 31 January 2006.
S.F.K. v. Russia, App. No. 5578/12, 11 October 2022.
S.H. and Others v. Austria [Chamber], App. No. 57813/00, 1 April 2010.
S.H. and Others v. Austria [GC], App. No. 57813/00, 3 November 2011.
S.-H. v. Poland, App. Nos. 56846/15; 56849/15, 16 November 2021.
S.W. and Others v. Austria, App. No. 1928/19, 6 September 2022.
Salman v. Turkey [GC], App. No. 21986/93, 27 June 2000.
Santos Nunes v. Portugal, App. No. 61173/08, 22 May 2012.
Schalk and Kopf v. Austria, App. No. 30141/04, 24 June 2010.
Schneider v. Germany, App. No. 17080/07, 15 September 2011.
Schwizgebel v. Switzerland, App. No. 25762/07, 10 June 2010.
Söderbäck v. Sweden, App. No. 24484/94, 28 October 1998.
Thlimmenos v. Greece [GC], App. No. 34369/97, 6 April 2000.
Timurtaş v. Turkey, App. No. 23531/94, 13 June 2000.
Tóth v. Hungary, App. No. 48494/06, 12 February 2013.
Tysiąc v. Poland, App. No. 5410/03, 20 March 2007.
Useinov v. The Netherlands, App. No. 61292/00, 11 April 2006.
V.C. v. Slovakia, App. No. 18968/07, 8 November 2011.
Valdís Fjölnisdóttir and Others v. Iceland, App. No. 71552/17, 18 May 2021.
Vallianatos and Others v. Greece [GC], App. Nos. 29381/09; 32684/09, 7 November 2013.
Van der Heijden v. The Netherlands [GC], App. No. 42857/05, 3 April 2012.
Vo v. France [GC], App. No. 53924/00, 8 July 2004.
Wagner and J. M. W. L. v. Luxembourg, App. No. 76240/01, 28 June 2007.
X and Others v. Austria [GC], App. No. 19010/07, 19 February 2013.
X and Y v. The Netherlands, App. No. 8978/80, 26 March 1985.
X, Y and Z v. The United Kingdom [GC], App. No. 21830/93, 22 April 1997.
European Commission on Human Rights
Brüggemann and Scheuten v. Federal Republic of Germany, App. No. 6959/75, 12 July 1977.
E.L.H. and P.B.H. v. The United Kingdom, App. Nos. 32094/96; 32568/96, 22 October 1997.
Hendricks v. The Netherlands, App. No. 8427/78, 8 March 1982.
J.R.M. v. The Netherlands, App. No. 16944/90, 8 February 1993.
Jonsson v. Sweden, App. No. 12495/86, 7 December 1987.
Kerkhoven and Hinke v. The Netherlands, App. No. 15666/89, 19 May 1992.
Lavisse v. France, App. No. 14223/88, 5 June 1991.
M. v. Federal Republic of Germany, App. No. 10995/84, 13 December 1984.
M.B. v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 22920/93, 6 April 1994.
Paton v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 8416/78, 13 May 1980.
R.H. v. Norway, App. No. 17004/90, 19 May 1992.
Röösli v. Germany, App. No. 28318/95, 15 May 1996.
X v. Belgium and The Netherlands, App. No. 6482/74, 10 July 1975.
X v. France, App. No. 9993/82, 5 October 1982.
X v. The United Kingdom, App. No. 6564/74, 21 May 1975.
UN Human Rights Committee
Althammer v. Austria, Communication No. 998/2001, 8 August 2003.
C. v. Australia, Communication No. 2216/2012, 28 March 2017.
Joslin and Others v. New Zealand, Communication No. 902/1999, 30 July 2002.
Llantoy Huamán v. Peru, Communication No. 1153/2003, 24 October 2005.
Mellet v. Ireland, Communication No. 2324/2013, 31 March 2016.
Whelan v. Ireland, Communication No. 2425/2014, 17 March 2017.
X v. Colombia, Communication No. 1361/2005, 30 March 2007.
X.Q.H. v. New Zealand, Communication No. 2197/2012, 29 April 2014.
Young v. Australia, Communication No. 941/2000, 6 August 2003.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Artavia Murillo et al. (‘In Vitro Fertilisation’) v. Costa Rica, Case No. 12.361, 28 November 2012.
Gómez Murillo and Others v. Costa Rica, Case No. 12.798, 29 November 2016.
I.V. v. Bolivia, Case No. 329, 30 November 2016.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Alvarez Giraldo v. Colombia, Report No. 122/18, Case No. 11.656 (Merits), 5 October 2018.
Beatriz v. El Salvador, Report No. 9/20, Case No. 13.378 (Merits), 3 March 2020.
Duque v. Colombia, Report No. 5/14, Case No. 12.841 (Merits), 2 April 2014.
Gómez Murillo and Others v. Costa Rica, Report No. 1/15, Case No. 12.798 (Merits), 29 January 2015.
Henry and Edwards v. Jamaica, Report No. 400/20, Case 13.637 (Merits), 31 December 2020.
T.B. and S.H. v. Jamaica, Report No. 401/20, Case 13.095 (Merits), 31 December 2020.