Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T12:28:17.504Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Is primary radiotherapy an appropriate option for the treatment of verrucous carcinoma of the head and neck?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2007

Alfio Ferlito*
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Alessandra Rinaldo
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Giacinto M. Mannarà
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
*
Address for correspondence: Alfio Ferlito, M.D., Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Udine, Policlinico Città di Udine, Viale Venezia 410, 33100 UdineItaly. Fax: 39-432-532179 e-mail: clorl@dsc.uniud.it

Abstract

The literature on verrucous carcinoma of the head and neck was reviewed to analyse the use of primary radiation therapy in the treatment of this lesion. The results emphasize an overall local control rate of 43.2 per cent, and 6.7 per cent of true anaplastic transformation following irradiation. Diagnosis remains the fundamental problem: without a correct diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma, no correct treatment can be applied.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, A. L., Brandsma, J., Steinberg, B., Winkler, B. (1985) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Archives of Otolaryngology 111: 709715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ackerman, L. V. (1948) Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Surgery 23: 670678.Google ScholarPubMed
Babighian, G., Ferlito, A. (1974) II carcinoma squamoso verrucoso della laringe: aspetti morfologici, istoprognosi, considerazioni terapeutiche. Atti del LXI Congresso della Società Italiana di Otorinolaringologia e Patologia Cervico Facciale, vol. 2, Perugia.Google Scholar
Bak, M. Jr, Erdos, M. (1975) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 209: 1522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bardini, R., Cecchetto, A., Nosadini, A., Zaninotto, G., Ancona, E., Giordano, E. (1980) II carcinoma verrucoide dell'Fesofago. Osservazioni su tre casi clinici. Chirurgia Triveneta 20: 39.Google Scholar
Barr, G. S., Osborne, J., Simpson, J. R. M. (1988) Late response of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx to radiotherapy. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 102: 276279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batsakis, J. G., Hybels, R., Crissman, J. D., Rice, D. H. (1982) The pathology of head and neck tumours: verrucous carcinoma, Part 15. Head and Neck Surgery 5: 2938.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biller, H. F., Bergman, J. A. (1975) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Canadian Journal of Otolaryngology 4: 280283.Google ScholarPubMed
Biller, H. F., Ogura, J. H., Bauer, W. C. (1971) Verrucous cancer of the larynx. Laryngoscope 81: 13231329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blakeslee, D., Vaughan, C. W., Shapshay, S. M., Simpson, G. T., Strong, M. S. (1984) Excisional biopsy in the selective management of Tl glottic cancer: a three-year follow-up study. Laryngoscope 94: 488494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryce, D. P. (1979) The management of laryngeal cancer. Journal of Otolaryngology 8: 105126.Google ScholarPubMed
Burns, H. P., van Nostrand, A. W. P., Bryce, D. P. (1976) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx: management by radiotherapy and surgery. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 85: 538543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burns, H. P., van Nostrand, A. W. P., Palmer, J. A. (1980) Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity: Management by radiotherapy and surgery. Canadian Journal of Surgery 23: 1921.Google ScholarPubMed
Cardo, V. A. Jr, Stratigos, G. T. (1973) Verrucous carcinoma of the palate: report of case. Journal of Oral Surgery 31: 6163.Google ScholarPubMed
Clayton, R. J., Jordan, J. E. (1978) Verrucous carcinoma of Ackerman, a distinctive clinicopathologic entity: report of two cases. Journal of Oral Surgery 36: 564567.Google Scholar
Colman, M. F., Krugman, M. E., Wescott, W. B., Webb, D. J. (1985) White, exophytic lesion of the left lateral surface of the tongue. Journal of the American Dental Association 111: 7880.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demian, S. D. E., Bushkin, F. L., Echevarria, R. A. (1973) Perineural invasion and anaplastic transformation of verrucous carcinoma. Cancer 32: 395401.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edström, S., Johansson, S. L., Lindström, J., Sandin, I. (1987) Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: evidence for increased metastatic potential after irradiation. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 97: 381384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elliott, G. B., Macdougall, J. A., Elliott, J. D. A. (1973) Problems of verrucose squamous carcinoma. Annals of Surgery 177: 2129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A. (1975) Considerazioni biologiche, morfologiche, immunopatologiche e prognostiche di una variante del carcinoma squamoso della laringe: II carcinoma squamoso verrucoso. Atti del XIII Congresso della Società Italiana di Patologia, Siena-Chianciano.Google Scholar
Ferlito, A. (1976) Histological classification of larynx and hypopharynx cancer and their clinical implications. Pathologic aspects of 2052 malignant neoplasms diagnosed at the ORL Department of Padua University from 1966 to 1976. Acta Otolaryngologica (Suppl 342): 188.Google Scholar
Ferlito, A., Antonutto, G., Silvestri, F. (1976) Histological appearance and nuclear DNA content of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. ORL 38: 6585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Devaney, K. O., Rinaldo, A., Putzi, M. J. (1998) Papillary squamous cell carcinoma versus verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, in press.Google Scholar
Ferlito, A., Recher, G. (1980) Ackerman's tumor (Verrucous carcinoma) of the larynx. A clinicopathologic study of 77 cases. Cancer 46: 16171630.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, H. R. (1975) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx – a study of its pathologic anatomy. Canadian Journal of Otolaryngology 4: 270277.Google ScholarPubMed
Fliss, D. M., Noble-Topham, S. E., McLachlin, C. M., Freeman, J. L., Noyek, A. M., van Nostrand, A. W. P., Hartwick, R. W. J. (1994) Laryngeal verrucous carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and detection of human papillomavirus using polymerase chain reaction. Laryngoscope 104: 146152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonts, E. A., Greenlaw, R. H., Rush, B. F., Rovin, S. (1969) Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer 23: 152160.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedell, H. L., Rosenthal, L. M. (1941) The etiologic role of chewing tobacco in cancer of the mouth. Report of eight cases treated with radiation. Journal of the American Medical Association 116: 21302135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedmann, I., Ferlito, A. (1988) Granulomas and Neoplasms of the Larynx. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp 167185.Google Scholar
Fukunaga, M., Yokoi, K., Miyazawa, Y., Harada, T., Ushigome, S. (1994) Penile verrucous carcinoma with anaplastic transformation following radiotherapy. A case report with human papillomavirus typing and flow cytometric DNA studies. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 18: 501505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallousis, S. (1972) Verrucous carcinoma: report of three vulvar cases and review of the literature. Obstetrics and Gynecology 40: 502507.Google ScholarPubMed
Goethals, P. L., Harrison, E. G., Devine, K. D. (1963) Verrucous squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. American Journal of Surgery 106: 845851.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagen, P., Lyons, G. D., Haindel, C. (1993) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx: role of human papillomavirus, radiation, and surgery. Laryngoscope 103: 253257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamlyn, P. J., O'Brien, C. J., Shaw, H. J. (1986) Uncommon malignant tumours of the larynx. A 35 year review. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 100: 11631168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harwood, A. R. (1982) Cancer of the larynx – the Toronto experience. Journal of Otolaryngology (Suppl 11): 321.Google ScholarPubMed
Hyams, V. J. (1975) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. (Discussion). Canadian Journal of Otolaryngology 4: 280283.Google Scholar
Hyams, V. J., Batsakis, J. G., Michaels, L. (1988) Tumors of the upper respiratory tract and ear. In Atlas of Tumor Pathology. 2nd Series, Fascicle 25. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ishiyama, A., Eversole, L. R., Ross, D. A., Raz, Y., Kerner, M. M., Fu, Y. S., Blackwell, K. E., Feneberg, R., Bell, T. S., Calcaterra, T. C. (1994) Papillary squamous neoplasms of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 104: 14461452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraus, F. T., Perez-Mesa, C. (1966) Verrucous carcinoma. Clinical and pathologic study of 105 cases involving oral cavity, larynx and genitalia. Cancer 19: 2638.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krishnan Nair, M., Sankaranarayanan, R., Padmanabhan, T. K., Madhu, C. S. (1988) Oral verrucous carcinoma. Treatment with radiotherapy. Cancer 61: 458561.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, R. J. (1988) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 98: 593595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lekas, M. D., Kamath, C. R., Vitavasiri, A. (1977) Hemoptysis and supraglottic verrucous carcinoma. Ear, Nose and Throat Journal 56: 315319.Google ScholarPubMed
Luna, M. A., Tortoledo, M. E. (1988) Verrucous carcinoma. In Pathology of the Head and Neck (Gnepp, D. R., ed.) Churchill Livingstone, New York, NY, pp 497515.Google Scholar
Lundgren, J. A. V., van Nostrand, A. W. P., Harwood, A. R., Cullen, R. J., Bryce, D. P. (1986) Verrucous carcinoma (Ackerman's tumor) of the larynx: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Head and Neck Surgery 9: 1926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marck, P. A., Lupin, A. J. (1989) Cancer of the larynx: the Northern Alberta experience. Journal of Otolaryngology 18: 344349.Google ScholarPubMed
Mason, D. A. (1972) Verrucous carcinoma of the mouth. British Journal of Oral Surgery 10: 6468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maurizi, M., Cadoni, G., Ottaviani, F., Rabitti, C., Almadori, G. (1996) Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 253: 130135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maw, A. R., Culler, R. J., Bradfield, J. W. B. (1982) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Clinical Otolaryngology 7: 305311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCaffrey, T. V., Lewis, J. E. (1997) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. (Abstract) 118th Annual Meeting of the American Laryngological AssociationScottsdaleArizona.Google Scholar
McClure, D. L., Gullane, P. J., Slinger, R. P., Wysocki, G. P. (1984) Verrucous carcinoma-changing concepts in management. Journal of Otolaryngology 13: 712.Google ScholarPubMed
McCoy, J. M., Waldron, C. A. (1981) Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. A review of forty-nine cases. Oral Surgery 52: 623629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, J. S., Crissman, J. D., Gluckman, J. L. (1982) Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Head and Neck Surgery 5: 2228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medina, J. E., Dichtel, W., Luna, M. A. (1984) Verrucous-squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity. A clinicopathologic study of 104 cases. Archives of Otolaryngology 110: 437440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Memula, N., Ridenhour, G., Doss, L. (1980) Radiotherapeutic management of oral cavity verrucous carcinoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 6: 1404.Google Scholar
Milford, C. A., O'Flynn, P. E. (1991) Management of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Clinical Otolaryngology 16: 160162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, E., Sobol, S., Ogura, J. H. (1980) Hemilaryngectomy for verrucous carcinoma of the glottis. Laryngoscope 90: 693698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newman, A. N., Colman, M., Jayich, S. A. (1983) Verrucous carcinoma of the frontal sinus: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Surgical Oncology 24: 298303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niparko, J. K., Rubinstein, M. I., McClatchey, K. D. (1988) Invasive squamous cell carcinoma within verrucous carcinoma. Journal of Otolaryngology 17: 3840.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Sullivan, B., Warde, P., Keane, T., Irish, J., Cummings, B., Payne, D. (1995) Outcome following radiotherapy in verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 32: 611617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perez, C. A., Kraus, F. T., Evans, J. C., Powers, W. E. (1966) Anaplastic transformation in verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity after radiation therapy. Radiology 86: 108115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pesavento, G., Recher, G. (1981) Indicazioni al trattamento chirurgico conservative nel carcinoma squamoso verrucoso della laringe. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 1: 8594.Google Scholar
Proffitt, S. D., Spooner, T. R., Kosek, J. C. (1970) Origin of undifferentiated neoplasm from verrucous epidermal carcinoma of oral cavity following irradiation. Cancer 26: 389393.3.0.CO;2-4>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rider, W. D. (1975) Toronto experience of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Canadian Journal of Otolaryngology 4: 278279.Google Scholar
Rink, B. (1991) Das verruköse Karzinom der Mundschleimhaut. Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 70: 542545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosai, J. (1996) Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, 8th Edition, vol. 1, Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, pp 223255 (quotation p 236).Google Scholar
Ryan, R. E., DeSanto, L. W., Devine, K. D., Weiland, L. H. (1977) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Laryngoscope 87: 19891994.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schrader, M., Laberke, H. G., Jahnke, K. (1987) Lymphknotenmetastasen beim verrukösen Karzinom (Ackerman-Tumor). HNO 35: 2730.Google ScholarPubMed
Schwade, J. G., Wara, W. M., Dedo, H. H., Phillips, T. L. (1976) Radiotherapy for verrucous carcinoma. Radiology 120: 677679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sllamniku, B., Bauer, W., Painter, C., Sessions, D. (1989) Clinical and histopathological considerations for the diagnosis and treatment of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 246: 126132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, R. R. L., Kuhajda, F. P., Harris, A. E. (1985) Anaplastic transformation of verrucous carcinoma following radiotherapy. American Journal of Otolaryngology 6: 448452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strong, M. S. (1985) Diagnosis and treatment of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a critical review. (Discussion) Transactions of the American Laryngological Association 106: 163164.Google Scholar
Strong, M. S., Vaughn, C. W., Healy, G. B., Shapshay, S. M., Jako, G. J. (1979) Transoral management of localized carcinoma of the oral cavity using the CO2 laser. Laryngoscope 89: 897905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tharp, M. E. II, Shidnia, H. (1995) Radiotherapy in the treatment of verrucous carcinoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 105: 391396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, J. R., Syderman, S. C., Giffin, C. S., Goin, D. W., Wayne, F. (1973) Verrucous carcinoma of the pyriform sinus. Archives of Otolaryngology 97: 488489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Nostrand, A. W. P., Olofsson, J. (1972) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. A clinical and pathologic study of 10 cases. Cancer 30: 691702.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Värynen, M., Romppanen, T., Koskela, E., Castren, O., Syrjanen, K. (1981) Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the female genital tract: report of three cases and survey of the literature. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 19: 351456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vidyasagar, M. S., Fernandes, D. J., Pai Kasturi, D., Akhileshwaran, R., Rao, K., Rao, S., Rao, R. V., Solomon, J. G. R. (1992) Radiotherapy and verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. A study of 107 cases. Acta Oncologica 31: 4347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed