¹ For some representative and recent works, see Tobie Meyer-Fong, What Remains: Coming to Terms with Civil War in 19th Century China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013); Chuck Wooldridge, City of Virtues: Nanjing in an Age of Utopian Visions (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015); Rania Huntington, “The Captive’s Revenge: The Taiping Civil War as Drama,” Late Imperial China 35.2 (2014), 1–26; contributions to special issue on “Ways of Writing the Taiping Civil War,” Frontiers of History in China 13.2 (2018), 167–258; Emily Mokros, “The Capital Region in the Unfinished Taiping War,” Journal of Chinese History 10.1 (2026), 237–63, and Katherine L. Alexander, Teaching and Transformation in Popular Confucian Literature of the Late Qing (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2025).

² David Der-Wei Wang and Shang Wei, Dynastic Crisis and Cultural Innovation: From the Late Ming to the Late Qing and Beyond (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2005).