Today, the world's energy supply still depends to around 90% on non-renewable energy sources, which are largely dominated by fossil fuels. As the global energy mix is widely expected to continue relying predominantly on fossil fuels in the coming decades, the question arises to what extent and how long fossil fuels will be able to sustain the supply. The projected increase in global energy demand, particularly in the developing nations of Asia (such as China and India), as well as the economic and geopolitical implications of future shortcomings in the supply of oil and gas, are already creating serious concerns about the security of energy supply. Especially, the transport sector, which is still almost entirely dependent on oil worldwide and would be most vulnerable to supply shortages, is increasingly triggering the search for alternative fuels. The following chapter thus focuses primarily on the future availability of fossil fuels in the context of the development of global energy demand and sets the scene for the possible introduction of hydrogen.

Projections on the future development of global energy demand

In the following, the past and future development of global energy demand and its composition will be briefly analysed. The energy balance methodology for primary energy demand of oil, gas, coal and biomass is normally based on the calorific content of the energy commodities.