Christians and Jews

doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.012

10 - Christians and Jews

from PART III - THE ERECTION OF BOUNDARIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2010

Ora Limor

Edited by

Miri Rubin and

Walter Simons

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Miri Rubin: Affiliation:
Queen Mary University of London
Walter Simons: Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire

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Summary

The term ‘boundary’ in reference to Jews is a complex one. Like Muslims, Jews were outside the Christian faith but, unlike the Muslims, they were present within Christian society. Like heretics, Jews were present in Christian society but, unlike them, they were not perceived as a part of the body of faith. These three groups represent three disparate types of boundaries, each determining a different attitude towards the group defined by the boundary. Yet, the Christian world did not view these groups as completely distinct from one another, and its attitude towards each carried over to its treatment of the other groups. In this way, the crusades, explicitly declared against the Muslims - the enemies of the church in foreign lands – influenced and aggravated the treatment of the enemies within Christian lands – the Jews. Similarly, the intensive campaign against heretical sects initiated in the thirteenth century led to the erection of sturdier barriers between Christians and Jews.

In addition, the Jew figures in the Christian world on two levels – one physical and the other theological – and the two are not fully congruent. The theological (or hermeneutical) Jew is present in Christian imagination and thought; the Jew forms an integral part of the Christian worldview as an internal entity bearing unvarying characteristics, and this perception also dictates the attitude towards living Jews. Moreover, even when ‘real’ Jews are absent from Christian society, in spite of their absence they continue to function as an internal, imagined ‘other’.

Keywords

early thirteenth century Jews Christian society Christian church Fourth Lateran Council thirteenth-century Judaism Rome Middle Ages conversion medieval ecclesiastical legislation protective bulls

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Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge History of Christianity , pp. 133 - 148

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521811064.012 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2009

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