Hostname: page-component-77f85d65b8-jkvpf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-03-28T18:39:44.751Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Infrared Emission from AGN

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

D. B. Sanders
D. B. Sanders*
Affiliation:
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Infrared observations of complete samples of active galactic nuclei (AGN) have shown that a substantial fraction of their bolometric luminosity is emitted at wavelengths ˜8–1000μm. In radio-loud and Blazar-like objects much of this emission appears to be direct non-thermal synchrotron radiation. However, in the much larger numbers of radio-quiet AGN it is now clear that thermal dust emission is responsible for the bulk of radiation from the near-infrared through submillimeter wavelengths. Luminous infrared-selected AGN are often surrounded by powerful nuclear starbursts, both of which appear to be fueled by enormous supplies of molecular gas and dust funneled into the nuclear region during the strong interaction/merger of gas rich disks. All-sky surveys in the infrared show that luminous infrared AGN are at least as numerous as optically-selected AGN of comparable bolometric luminosity, suggesting that AGN may spend a substantial fraction of their lifetime in a dust-enshrouded phase. The space density of luminous infrared AGN at high redshift may be sufficient to account for much of the X-Ray background, and for a substantial fraction of the far-infrared background as well. These objects plausibly represent a major epoch in the formation of spheroids and massive black holes (MBH).

Information

Type
I. Observational Properties of AGN
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 194: Activity in Galaxies and Related Phenomena , 1999 , pp. 25 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 1999 

References

Almani, O., et al. 1998, Astr.Nachr., 319, 55 Google Scholar
Antonucci, R. 1993, ARA&A, 31, 473 Google Scholar
Antonucci, R. & Miller, J.S. 1985, ApJ, 297, 621 Google Scholar
Armus, L., Heckman, T.M., & Miley, G.K. 1989, ApJ, 347, 727 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aussel, H., Cesarsky, C.J., Elbaz, D., & Starck, J.L. 1998, A&A, in press Google Scholar
Barger, A.J., Cowie, L.L., & Sanders, D.B. 1999, ApJ, submitted Google Scholar
Barger, A.J., et al. 1998, Nature, 394, 248 Google Scholar
Barnes, J.E., & Hernquist, L. 1992, ARA&A, 30, 705 Google Scholar
Becklin, E.E., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., & Wynn-Williams, G.C. 1973, ApJ, 186, L69 Google Scholar
Beichman, C.A., et. al. 1986, ApJ, 308, L1 Google Scholar
Bryant, P.M., & Scoville, N.Z. 1996, ApJ, 457, 678 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burbidge, G.R., & Stein, W.A. 1970, ApJ, 160, 573 Google Scholar
Carilli, C.L., Wrobel, J.M., & Ulvestad, J.S. 1998, A&A, 115, 928 Google Scholar
Clements, D.L., Sutherland, W.J., McMahon, R.G., & Saunders, W. 1996, MNRAS, 279, 477 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutri, R.M., et al. 1994, ApJ, 424, L65 Google Scholar
de Grijp, , Miley, G.K., Lub, J., & de Jong, T. 1985, Nature, 314, 240 Google Scholar
Eales, S., et al. 1998, ApJ, in press Google Scholar
Edelson, R.A., & Malkan, M.A. 1986, ApJ, 308, 59 Google Scholar
Fabian, A.C., & Barcons, X. 1992, ARA&A, 30, 429 Google Scholar
Fabian, A.C., & Barcons, X., Almaini, O., & Iwasawa, I. 1998, MNRAS, 297, L11 Google Scholar
Frogel, J.A., Gillett, F.C., Tendrup, D.M., & Vader, J.P. 1989, ApJ, 343, 672 Google Scholar
Genzel, R., et al. 1998, ApJ, 498, 579 Google Scholar
Gregorich, D.T., Neugebauer, G., Soifer, B.T., Gunn, J.E., & Herter, T.L. 1995, AJ, 110, 259 Google Scholar
Hacking, P.B., & Houck, J.R. 1987, ApJS, 63, 311 Google Scholar
Harper, D.A., & Low, F.J. 1973, ApJ, 182, L89 Google Scholar
Hassinger, G. 1996, A&AS, 120, 607 Google Scholar
Hassinger, G., et al. 1998, A&A, 329, 482 Google Scholar
Heckman, T.M. 1980, A&A, 87, 152 Google Scholar
Hill, G.J., Wynn-Williams, C.G., & Becklin, E.E. 1987, ApJ, 316, L11 Google Scholar
Hines, D.C., et al. 1995, ApJ, 450, L1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, D.H., et al. 1998, Nature, 394, 241 Google Scholar
Impey, C., & Neugebauer, G. 1988, AJ, 95, 307 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivison, R., et al. 1998, MNRAS, 298, 583 Google Scholar
Kawara, K., et al. 1998, A&A, 336, L9 Google Scholar
Kim, D.-C., et al. 1995, , Google Scholar
Kim, D.-C., & Sanders, D.B. 1998, ApJS, 119, 41 Google Scholar
Kleinmann, D.E., & Low, F.J. 1970a, ApJ, 159, L165 Google Scholar
Kleinmann, D.E., & Low, F.J. 1970b, ApJ, 161, L203 Google Scholar
Kleinmann, S.G., & Keel, W.C. 1987, in Star Formation in Galaxies, ed. Lonsdale-Persson, C.J., Wash. DC: US GPO, 559 Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., & Richstone, D. 1995, ARA&A, 33, 581 Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., & Sanders, D.B. 1992, ApJ, 390, L53 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lonsdale, C.J., & Hacking, P. 1989, ApJ, 339, 712 Google Scholar
Low, F.J., Huchra, J.P., Kleinmann, S.G., Cutri, R.M. 1988, ApJ, 327, L41 Google Scholar
Low, F.J., & Kleinmann, D.E. 1968, AJ, 73, 868 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKenty, J.W., & Stockton, A. 1984, ApJ, 283, 64 Google Scholar
Maiolino, R., et al. 1998, A&A, 338, 781 Google Scholar
Mihos, J.C., & Hernquist, L. 1994, ApJ, 431, L9 Google Scholar
Miley, G.K., Neugebauer, G., & Soifer, B.T. 1985, ApJ, 293, L11 Google Scholar
Miley, G.K., et al. 1984, ApJ, 278, L79 Google Scholar
Mirabel, I.F., Booth, R.S., Garay, G., , L.E.B., & Sanders, D.B. 1990, A&A, 236, 327 Google Scholar
Mirabel, I.F., Sanders, D.B., & Kazès, I. 1989, ApJ, 340, L9 Google Scholar
Multiwavelength Continuum Emission of AGN 1994, eds. Courvoisier, T.J.-L., Blecha, A. (Dordrecht: Kluwer)Google Scholar
Murphy, T.W., et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1025 Google Scholar
Neugebauer, G., Becklin, E.E., Oke, J.B., & Searle, L. 1976, ApJ, 205, 29 Google Scholar
Neugebauer, G., Soifer, B.T., & Miley, G.K. 1985, ApJ, 295, L27 Google Scholar
Neugebauer, G., Soifer, B.T., & Miley, G.K., & Clegg, P.E. 1986, ApJ, 308, 815 Google Scholar
Neugebauer, G., et al. 1984, ApJ, 278, L1 Google Scholar
Puget, J.-L., et al. 1998, A&A, in press Google Scholar
Rees, M.J., Silk, J.I., Werner, M.W., & Wickramasinghe, N.C. 1969, Nature, 223, 37 Google Scholar
Relationships Between AGN and Starburst Galaxies 1992, ed. Filippenko, A.V. (San Francisco: PASP Conf Ser, v.31) Google Scholar
Rieke, G.H. 1978, ApJ, 226, 550 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieke, G.H., & Lebofsky, M.J. 1979, ARA&A, 17, 477 Google Scholar
Rieke, G.H., & Low, F.J. 1972, ApJ, 176, L95 Google Scholar
Rieke, G.H., & Low, F.J. 1975, ApJ, 200, L67 Google Scholar
Rowan-Robinson, M., et al. 1991, Nature, 351, 719 Google Scholar
Sanders, D.B., & Mirabel, I.F. 1996, ARA&A, 34, 749 Google Scholar
Sanders, D.B., et al. 1989, ApJ, 347, 29 Google Scholar
Sanders, D.B., Scoville, N.Z., & Soifer, B.T. 1988c, ApJ, 335, L1 Google Scholar
Sanders, D.B., et al. 1988b, ApJ, 328, L35 Google Scholar
Sanders, D.B., et al. 1987, ApJ, 312, L5 Google Scholar
Sanders, D.B., et al. 1988a, ApJ, 325, 74 Google Scholar
Schmidt, M., & Green, R.F. 1983, ApJ, 269, 352 Google Scholar
Schmitt, H.R., Kinney, A.L., Calzetti, D., & Storchi- Bergmann, T. 1997, AJ, 114, 592 Google Scholar
Scoville, N.Z., et al. 1989, ApJ, 345, L25 Google Scholar
Smail, I., Ivison, R.J., & Blain, A.W. 1997, ApJ, 490, L5 Google Scholar
Stein, W.A., Gillett, F.C., Merrill, K.M. 1974, ApJ, 187, 213 Google Scholar
Stockton, A., & Ridgway, S.E. 1991, AJ, 102, 488 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surace, J.A., et al. 1998, ApJ, 492, 116 Google Scholar
Taniguchi, Y., et al. 1997, A&A, 328, L9 Google Scholar
Telesco, C.M., & Harper, D.A. 1980, ApJ, 235, 392 Google Scholar
Ultraluminous Galaxies: Monsters or Babies 1998, Ap&SS, in press Google Scholar
Vader, J.P., & Simon, M. 1987, Nature, 327, 304 Google Scholar
Veilleux, S., & Osterbrock, D.E. 1987, ApJS, 63, 295 Google Scholar
Veilleux, S., Kim, D.-C., & Sanders, D.B. 1999, ApJ, in press Google Scholar