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• DOI: 10.1017/9781009639750

• © Moritz Schramm 2026

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• First published 2026

Cover image: Francis Bacon, Detail of Portrait of George Dyer in a Mirror, 1968 © The Estate of Francis Bacon. All rights reserved, DACS /Artimage 2025. Photo: Hugo Maertens

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The publication was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Revised version of the dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor iuris awarded by Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Law (2023), original dissertation title: Emulated Guardians: On the Practice, Politics, and Performativity of the DSA and the Oversight Board.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (BY) license. Details of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

The research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG – German Research Foundation) – [397044234] via the Graduate School‚ Dynamic Integration.