Shared administration – EU migration agencies – The European Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex – European Integrated Border Management and responsibility gaps – Unclear division of obligations in Frontex’s mandate – EU composite legal order and limits of EU judicial remedies – National courts and the right to effective judicial protection under Article 19(1) TEU and Article 47 Charter – Domestic judges as European judges – Advantages and potential of domestic remedies in multi-actor situations – Importance of preliminary references in shared administration– Domestic adjudication of human rights violations in European Integrated Border Management – Adjudication on member state responsibility – Adjudication on individual responsibility – Strengthening domestic judicial systems.

A growing interest in informal institutions in the judiciary – Scarce empirical studies focusing on informal institutions in judicial decision-making – An in-depth case study of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal (2012-2016) through an interview methodology – Constitutional Courts develop informal institutions often determinative of case outcomes – Polarisation negatively impacting compliance with preexisting informal institutions

Treaties of the European Union – Comprehensive framework for macro-economic governance, devoid of democratic influence – Divergence from this seemingly stringent framework during the Euro Crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic – Pattern of deviation from the macro-constitution – Euro Crisis and Next Generation EU illustrate that deviations can safeguard the macro-constitution, preserving rather than transforming the Union’s macro-constitution.

Vertical division of competences as a limit for the Court’s interpretation of EU law – Distinction between Union competences and institutional powers – Distinction between ‘Verbandskompetenz’ and ‘Organkompetenz’ – Principles of conferral, subsidiarity, and proportionality – Article 5 TEU – Retained powers – ‘Compétences encadrées’ – Jurisdiction – Judicial function – Difference between legislating and adjudicating – Judicial development of the law – ‘Rechtsfortbildung’ – Deference – Margin of appreciation