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Mn–Fe-rich genthelvite from pegmatites associated with the Madeira Sn–Nb–Ta deposit, Pitinga, Brazil: new constraints on the magmatic-hydrothermal transition in the albite-enriched granite system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2024

Ingrid W. Hadlich Open the ORCID record for Ingrid W. Hadlich [Opens in a new window] ,
Artur C. Bastos Neto Open the ORCID record for Artur C. Bastos Neto [Opens in a new window] ,
Vitor P. Pereira ,
Nilson F. Botelho ,
Luiz H. Ronchi Open the ORCID record for Luiz H. Ronchi [Opens in a new window]  and
Harold G. Dill
Ingrid W. Hadlich*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Artur C. Bastos Neto
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Vitor P. Pereira
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Nilson F. Botelho
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
Luiz H. Ronchi
Affiliation:
Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Praça Domingos Rodrigues 2, 96010-440 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
Harold G. Dill
Affiliation:
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
*
Corresponding author: Ingrid W. Hadlich; Email: ingrid.hadlich@ufrgs.br
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Abstract

Genthelvite from pegmatite veins hosted by the albite-enriched granite (ca.1.8 Ga) corresponding to the Sn–Nb–Ta (F, REE, Li, Zr, U, Th) Madeira deposit, Amazonas, Brazil was studied. Genthelvite, the exclusive Be-bearing mineral within the deposit, occurs as massive crystals of up to 4.7 cm in size. Compositions are homogeneous within individual crystals, although there is moderate variation in the overall composition reflecting relatively limited substitutions within the helvine–genthelvite–danalite solid-solution series, with relatively high Zn contents (36.96 to 49.45 wt.% ZnO), lower Mn contents (0.61 to 3.03 wt.% MnO), and variable Fe contents (2.10 to 10.94 wt.% FeO), completing an existing compositional gap in this system. Genthelvite formed in an alkaline and subaluminous environment, under stable conditions within the late-evolved fluids, at relatively high temperature (>400°C), in a reducing environment. The extremely high concentration of fluorine in the magma and the crystallisation of magmatic galena resulted in an effective reduction of H2S fugacity. This resulted in the stabilisation of genthelvite during the transition from the late magmatic to early hydrothermal stages of the albite-enriched granite evolution. The variability in Fe content within genthelvite is associated primarily with localised variations in the mineral assemblage (e.g. the presence of riebeckite and polylithionite). Genthelvite was altered by low-temperature aqueous fluids rich in F which resulted in the incorporation of Fe, Mn, Mg, Pb, Ba, Na, K, U and REE into the Zn2+ structural site and the allocation of excess Si, Al, Ti and P in the IVSi and IVBe structural sites. The substantial content of U and REE substituting for Zn, together with Si substituting for Be, is charge balanced by the presence of vacancies at the A site.

Keywords

genthelviteberylliumsolid solutionalbite-enriched granitePitingaBrazil

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Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 88 , Issue 2 , April 2024 , pp. 111 - 126
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: František Laufek

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