Abbreviations

A&R

Artist & Repertoire

ACM

Autoriteit Consument en Markt (Authority for Consumers and Markets)

ADAMI

Administration des Droits des Artistes et Musiciens Interprètes (Administration of the Rights of Performing Artists and Musicians)

ADR

alternative dispute resolution

AEPO-ARTIS

Association of European Performers’ Organisations

AHRC

Arts and Humanities Research Council

AIE

Artistas Interpretes o Ejecutantes de España (Performing Artists of Spain)

AIMP

Association of Independent Music Publishers

AIPPI

Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle (Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property)

ALS

artist and label services

AREC

Artists Rights Enforcement Corporation

ARPU

average revenue per user

B2B

business-to-business

B2C

business-to-consumer

BAM

Beroepsvereniging voor Auteur-Muzikanten (Professional Association for Author-Musicians)

BEUC

Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs (European Bureau of Consumer Unions)

BGB

Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

BGBl

Bundesgesetzblatt

BGH

Bundesgerichtshof

BMAC

Black Music Action Coalition

BRMA

Belgian Recorded Music Association

BS

Belgisch Staatsblad

BSCG

Belgian Screen Composers Guild

BUMA

Bureau voor Muziek-Auteursrechten (Bureau for Music Copyrights)

BVerfG

Bundesverfassungsgericht

BVMI

Bundesverband Musikindustrie (Federal Music Industry Association)

CC

Creative Commons

CCFG

Cultural Creators Friendship Group

CCIs

cultural and creative industries

CEL

Code on Economic Law

CIS

Common Information System

CISAC

Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d’Auteurs et Compositeurs (International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers)

CJEU

Court of Justice of the European Union

CMA

Competition and Markets Authority

CMO

collective management organisation

CNM

Centre National de la Musique (National Centre for Music)

CPI

Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle

CRM

collective rights management

CSPLA

Conseil Supérieur de la Propriété Littéraire et Artistique (High Council for Literary and Artistic Property)

D2C

direct-to-consumer

D2F

direct-to-fan

DCFR

Draft Common Frame of Reference

DCMS

Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport

DIY

do-it-yourself

DKV

Deutscher Komponistenverband (German Composer Association)

DRM

digital rights management

DSM

Digital Single Market DSP

digital service provider

EC

European Commission

ECJ

European Court of Justice

ECHR

European Convention on Human Rights

ECtHR

European Court of Human Rights

ECSA

European Composer and Songwriter Alliance

EDM

electronic dance music

EEA

European Economic Area

EEC

European Economic Community

EMMA

European Music Managers Alliance

ER

equitable remuneration

EU

European Union

FAC

Featured Artists Coalition

FACIR

Fédération des Auteur·rices, Compositeur·rices et Interprètes Réuni·es (Federation of Authors, Composers and Performers United)

FIM

Fédération Internationale des Musiciens (International Federation of Musicians)

GALM

Genootschap Artiesten Lichte Muziek (Society of Light Music Artists, now ‘de Muziekgilde’)

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

GEMA

Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (Society for Musical Performance and Mechanical Reproduction Rights)

GESAC

Groupement Européen des Sociétés d’Auteurs et Compositeurs (European Grouping of Societies of Authors and Composers)

GRD

Global Repertoire Database

GVL

Gesellschaft zur Verwertung von Leistungsschutzrechten (Society for the Exploitation of Neighbouring Rights)

IAO

International Artists Organisation

ICMP

International Confederation of Music Publishers

IFPI

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMMF

International Music Managers Forum

IMPEL

Independent Music Publishers European Licensing

IMPF

Independent Music Publishers International Forum

IMPALA

Independent Music Companies Association (originally: Independent Music Publishers and Labels Association)

INA

Institut national de l’audiovisuel (National Audio-Visual Institute)

IP

intellectual property

IPRs

intellectual property rights

IPRED

Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive

ISPs

internet service providers

ISRC

International Standard Recording Code

ISWC

International Standard Musical Work Code

JORF

Journal Officiel de la République Française

M&A

mergers and acquisitions

MLC

Mechanical Licensing Collective

MMA

Music Modernization Act

MME

Music Moves Europe

MMF

Music Managers Forum

NDA

non-disclosure agreement

NMPA

National Music Publishers Association

NMUV

Nederlandse Muziek Uitgevers Vereniging (Dutch Music Publishers Association)

NORMA

Naburige Rechtenorganisatie voor Musici en Acteurs (Neighbouring Rights Organisation for Musicians and Actors)

NVPI

Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers (Dutch Association of Producers and Importers of Image and Sound Carriers)

OCSSP

online content-sharing service provider

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

P2P

peer-to-peer

PALM

Professionele Auteurs Lichte Muziek (Professional Authors Light Music)

PEC

AHRC Creative Industries Policy & Evidence Centre

PECL

Principles of European Contract Law

PICC

Principles of International Commercial Contracts

PPD

published price to dealer

PPL

Phonographic Performance Limited

RAAP

Recorded Artists Actors Performers

RIAA

Recording Industry Association of America

RRP

recommended retail price

SABAM

Société d’Auteurs Belge – Belgische Auteurs Maatschappij (Belgian Authors Society)

SACEM

Société des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Éditeurs de Musique (Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers)

SAI

Société des Artistes Interprètes (Society of Performing Artists)

SENA

Stichting ter Exploitatie van Naburige Rechten (Foundation for the Exploitation of Neighbouring Rights)

SLRP

suggested retail list price

SMEs

small and medium-sized enterprises

SNEP

Syndicat National de l’Édition Phonographique (National Union of Phonographic Publishing)

SPEDIDAM

Société de Perception et de Distribution des Droits des Artistes-Interprètes (Collecting and Distributing Society for the Rights of Performing Artists)

Stb

Staatsblad

STEMRA

Stichting tot Exploitatie van Mechanische Reproduktierechten voor Auteurs (Union for the Exploitation of Reproduction Rights for Authors)

TEU

Treaty on European Union

TFEU

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

TRIPS

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

UrhG

Urheberrechtsgesetz

UCC

Universal Copyright Convention

UCPS

User-Centric Payment System

UDHR

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

UGC

user-generated content

UKIPO

UK Intellectual Property Office

UNAC

Union Nationale des Auteurs et des Compositeurs (National Union of Authors and Composers)

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UrhDaG

Urheberrechts-Diensteanbieter-Gesetz

UWG

Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb

VAT

value-added tax

VGG

Verwertungsgesellschaftengesetz

WIN

Worldwide Independent Network

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WPPT

WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty

WTO

World Trade Organization