² Mary Warnock, ‘A Duty to Die?’ OMSORG 2008 (4) 3–5.

³ Jackie Macadam ‘A Duty to Die?’ Profile of Baroness Mary Warnock, Life and Work, October 2008, 23–5. See also Warnock, Mary and MacDonald, Elisabeth, Easeful Death: Is there a Case for Assisted Dying (Oxford: OUP, 2009)Google Scholar

⁴ Jackie Macadam, ‘A Duty to Die?’ 25.

⁵ For more on this see Haldane, John, ‘Reasoning about the Human Good and the Role of the Public Philosopher’ in George, R. and Keown, J. eds. Reason, Morality and Law: The Philosophy of John Finnis (Oxford: OUP, 2013) Ch. 3Google Scholar.

⁶ Summa Theologiae, Ia IIae, q 94, a. 2. http://home.newadvent.org/summa/2094.htm#article2

⁷ It is unfortunate, I think, that the term ‘pragmatism’ is used in Fides et Ratio in a part of the encyclical concerned with criticizing various philosophical ‘positions’: “No less dangerous is pragmatism, an attitude of mind which, in making its choices, precludes theoretical considerations or judgements based on ethical principles”. While there is a familiar use of “pragmatic” in which it is contrasted with taking note of moral reasons this is not implied by the philosophical theory advanced by C.S. Pierce who was committed to the immutability of truth, see ‘A Neglected Argument for the Reality of God’ in Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce edited by Hartshorne, Charles and Weiss, Paul (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1935) Volume 6, paragraphs 452–485Google Scholar.

⁸ For further discussion of these matters see Haldane, John and Lee, Patrick, ‘Aquinas on Human Ensoulment, Abortion and the Value of Life’ Philosophy 78, 2003 (3), 255–278CrossRefGoogle Scholar and ‘Souls and the Beginning of Life’ Philosophy 78 (4), 521–531Google Scholar.

⁹ Beattie, Tina, ‘Catholicism, Choice and Consciousness: A Feminist Theological Perspective on Abortion’ International Journal of Public Theology 4, 2010, p. 59Google Scholar, also, in briefer form, in ‘Abortion, Tradition and Compassion’ The Tablet 4 June, 2010.

¹⁰ See Summa Theologiae, Ia, q. 105, a. 1, ad 1.

¹¹ Op. cit., p. 53.

¹² Summa Theologiae, Ia q. 119, a. 2

¹³ Donum Vitae: Instruction on respect for Human life in its origins and on the Dignity of Procreation. Replies to Certain Questions of the Day (Vatican, 1987) III ‘Moral and Civil Law’.

¹⁴ See www.npr.org/2012/10/11/162754053/transcript-biden-ryan-vice-presidential-debate?ft=1&f=139482413

¹⁵ What the implications of the categorical imperative might be for the issue of abortion is a matter of some dispute. In a widely cited article Harry Gensler gives ‘A’ Philosophical Studies, 49 (1) 1986, 83–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar. This is then taken issue with by Lara Denis in ‘Animality and Agency: A Kantian approach to Abortion’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 86 (1) 2008, 117–137Google Scholar.

¹⁶ Weil, Simone, ‘The Iliad, or the Poem of Force’, translated by McCarthy, Mary in Pendle Hill Pamphlet no 91 (Wallingford, PA.: Pendle Hill Press, 1956)Google Scholar reprinted in the Chicago Review, 18 (2) 1965, 5–30, page references are to this later publication.

¹⁷ Op. cit., 7.

¹⁸ Op. cit., 9.

¹⁹ De Veritate, I, 2, ad 2.,

²⁰ Tina Beattie, ‘Abortion, Tradition and Compassion’ op. cit. The same line of argument is presented inter alia in ‘Catholicism, Choice and Consciousness’.

²¹ ‘Catholicism, Choice and Consciousness’ p. 62.

²² Op. cit., p. 61.

²³ On this in relation to Martha Nussbaum's work Hiding from Humanity ((Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004)Google Scholar see Haldane, John, ‘Recognising Humanity’ Journal of Applied Philosophy, 25 (4) 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Martha Nussbaum's reply in the same issue.