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Characterisation, axial anisotropy, and formation conditions of celestine minerals from the Jabal Eghei (Nuqay) late Neogene – Pleistocene volcanic province, southeastern edge of the Sirt Basin, southern Libya: Constraints on the mineralogical geothermometer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2023

Pavle Tančić Open the ORCID record for Pavle Tančić [Opens in a new window] ,
Maja Milošević Open the ORCID record for Maja Milošević [Opens in a new window] ,
Darko Spahić Open the ORCID record for Darko Spahić [Opens in a new window] ,
Bojan Kostić Open the ORCID record for Bojan Kostić [Opens in a new window] ,
Aleksandar Kremenović Open the ORCID record for Aleksandar Kremenović [Opens in a new window] ,
Maja Poznanović-Spahić Open the ORCID record for Maja Poznanović-Spahić [Opens in a new window]  and
Jovan Kovačević
Pavle Tančić
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Geological Survey of Serbia, Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Maja Milošević
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Darko Spahić*
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Serbia, Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Bojan Kostić
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Aleksandar Kremenović
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Maja Poznanović-Spahić
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Serbia, Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Jovan Kovačević
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Serbia, Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Corresponding author: Dr Darko Spahić, E-mail: darkogeo2002@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Five celestine crystals were sampled from the (palaeo)surface intervening between the late Miocene to Pleistocene basaltic sequences of the Jabal Eghei (Nuqay) volcanic province in southern Libya and then characterised by applying a combination of the SEM–WDS, ICP/OES, PXRD and IR methods. Colour variations and related minerogenetic frameworks were also investigated. Three samples have greenish-blue-to-blue colour (480.4–482.5 nm), whereas the other two samples have blue–green colour (cyan; 489.1–494.1 nm). The colour purity ranges from 1.36–7.16. Their composition is similar, end-member celestine, in which only 1.6–4.1 at.% of Sr2+ content was substituted by Pb2+ (0.7–0.9 at.%), Ba2+ (0.5–0.7 at.%) and Ca2+ (0.2–0.8 at.%). Three samples contained vacancies, from 1.0 to 1.9 at.%. The content of other chemical elements is minor. The resulting unit-cell parameters have the ranges: a0 = 8.3578(9)–8.3705(6) Å; b0 = 5.3510(5)–5.3568(4) Å; c0 = 6.8683(7)–6.8767(2) Å and V0 = 307.17(5)–308.34(4) Å3. The PXRD and IR results are mainly in accordance with the SEM–WDS results, with a high level of correlation. However, a few discrepancies were found, producing several possible interpretations, the primary cause being a slight unit-cell axial anisotropy i.e. thermal expansion. As a consequence these results yield a new geothermometric tool that is based on the unit-cell axial anisotropy. The celestines investigated were formed during a Miocene intraplate volcanism with basaltic magmas, and associated brines lifted by the structural conduits (normal faults crosscutting the Sirt basin). The Sr-bearing fluids then poured into and over the faulted and fractured lagoon-type gypsum, anhydrite Eocene sediments. The celestine mineralisation formed within a ~368–430 K (~95–157°C) temperature range. The celestine formed at slightly elevated temperature and pressure conditions, close to the shallow subsurface environment (over 250 bars).

Keywords

celestinecharacterisationaxial anisotropyformation conditionsJabal Eghei (Nuqay) volcanic provincesouthern Libya

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Article
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Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 88 , Issue 1 , February 2024 , pp. 1 - 18
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland

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