Index
Different terms for sexual harassment have been used in different chapters of the book. These terms have been indexed separately. They are: sexual abuse; sexual harassment; sexual harassment and assault; sexual misconduct; sexualized harassment; and workplace sexual harassment. See also rape myths.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, 123
advocacy
activity coordination, 472
calibrated outrage, 468
communication targets,
community-based research, 463
credible evidence,
lived-experience narratives,
meaning,
medical barriers to,
messages delivered,
tailored arguments,
using trends, 463
using varied evidence, 465
Afghanistan, restrictions on women doctors, 89
Alliance Against Sexual Coercion, 59
ambulatory care workplaces
doctors sexually harassing doctors, 70
doctors sexually harassing patients, 70
patients sexually harassing doctors, 70
rural women doctors’ experiences, 71
types of, 69
Australia
classist prejudice, 257
gender-based violence, 257
Indigenous communities, 255
International Medical Graduates,
multiple health management systems, 258
universities and sexual harassment, 261
women doctor–nurse relationships, 259
Australian army speech,
Australian Health Professionals Regulatory Agency, 83
Australian Human Rights Commission, 180
Balint, Michael, Balint groups, 445
Bandura, A, individuals and environments, 144
Barringer, Emily, harassment of women trainee doctors, 30
Bates, Laura, Everyday Sexism project, 409
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 176
beneficial mistreatment, theory of, 88
benzodiazepines, 163
betrayal trauma theory, 270
Bion’s model of containment,
Black, Carol, complicity in masculine hegemony, 26
Brazil, medical training in, 81
Brown, E. B., workplace sexual harassment, 59
Brunei, discrimination against female physicians, 296
Buowari, Dabota, advocacy using organisations, 472
Butler, Judith, gender difference, 27
call centre staff, sexual harassment of, 73
codes of conduct,
Connell, Raewyn, hegemonic masculinity, 23
Cox, Dr Becky, Surviving in Scrubs, 485
Cuba, primary care team training, 90
culture of medicine,
driver of professional misconduct, 525
formulation of the problem,
multiple comorbidities, 480
ways to change,
depression, 108
disciplinary systems, conflict with social norms, 55
disciplines, medical, sexual harassment in
radiation oncology, 163
dissociation,
doctors, all
institutional power, 61
negative media coverage (UK), 89
occupational violence, 89
public trust of, 227
Dual Control Model, 124
European Union Directive on equal treatment …, 47
femininities, pariah,
First Nations doctors, vulnerability in training,
Fleming, Simon, effective advocacy, 472
Flexner, Abraham, medical school curriculum, 24
fly-in, fly-out, sexual harassment of women, 72
foundations for change
accountability, 453
challenging behaviour, dealing with, 456
change champions, 454
communication,
early intervention, 455
expectations, 452
gender equity focus, 456
human resources processes,
leadership at all levels,
metrics, 454
microcultures, addressing,
perseverance, 457
policies, 453
resistance, dealing with, 457
survivor support, 455
four factor theory, 38
Freyd, J, betrayal trauma theory, 270
Frye, Marilyn, hegemonic masculinity, 24
gender inclusion programs, 40
gender, construction of,
Greene’s dual-process theory of moral judgment, 200
greenwashing, 461
Handsjuk, Dr, litigation, 165
Hidden Face of Eve, The, N. El Sadaawi (book), 29
history, recent, of sexual harassment in United States
legal reforms,
origin story,
societal changes in 1970s, 48
Working Women United,
Hofstede’s Power Distance Index, 357
hospital workplaces, 66
institutional endorsement of sexual harassment, 69
patriarchal hierarchies, 67
separation of female and male doctors, 67
spaces sexualised by actions of individuals, 69
women doctors hiding vulnerabilities,
women doctors vulnerable in unmonitored areas, 68
HOTSPOTS,
human rights
agencies,
complaints to international bodies,
domestic instruments,
evolution,
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 173
International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, 173
international instruments,
limits of international action,
regional instruments,
treaty bodies,
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 173
International Association of Medical Regulatory Authorities, 81,
International Medical Graduates (IMG)s
career progression, 295
cultural challenges, , 300
migration statistics, 81
psychological support, 302
visa risks of reporting, 269
vulnerability in training, , 207
work locations, 293
Iran, legal protection for women, lack of, 327
Jewitt, Dr Chelcie, Surviving in Scrubs, 485
Jex-Blake, Sophia, harassment of women trainee doctors, 30
Le Guin, Ursula, silence of women, 401
legal aspects of sexual harassment
delays in resolution, 266
Dr Handsjuk litigation, 165
Dr Kearsley litigation,
Dr Xenos litigation, 160
overview, 154
survivor court-case costs, 270
LGBTQIA+ patients, care of by International Medical Graduates, 296
Liang, Dr Rhea, women surgeons, 268
MacKinnon, Catherine
‘differences approach’ to discrimination, 51
definition of sexual harassment,
‘inequality approach’ to discrimination, 53
origin story of workplace sexual harassment, 60
Malaysia
Hofstede’s Power Distance Index, 357
resistance to punitive action,
sexual harassment, limited legal protection, 351
male allyship programs, 41
male doctors
alternative narratives about sexual harassment, 61
care of LGBTQIA+ patients by International Medical Graduates, 296
masculinity, hegemonic medical
Marilyn Frye metaphor, 24
meaning, 23
medical school entry, 25
subordination to, 23
support by marginalised individuals, 24
medical educators, tasks performed, 494
medical regulatory authorities
definition, 186
expectations of doctors,
responses to complaints,
statutory powers, 187
medical training. See also curriculum, formal; curriculum, hidden; virtual medical training; workplace learning
access in different countries, 88
assessment of professional skills, 202
authentic connections with patients, 86
beneficial mistreatment, theory of, 88
current challenges,
discomfort with uncertainty,
environment reporting systems, 209
experiencing personal trauma,
exploitation of trainee doctors, 89
expressing appropriate empathy,
formative assessment and discrimination, 90
harassment enculturation,
HOTSPOTS,
individual responsibility for wellbeing,
international approaches, 81
internship, 80
interpersonal learning and challenges, 86
managing moral distress,
medical educator role, 196
medical school, 79
‘minority tax’, 90
ongoing training, 122
professional boundary violations,
professionalism assessment through competencies,
specialist training, 80
technology use,
using blame and shame, 88
variations across countries,
vulnerability of trainee doctors, , ,
women seen as ‘others’, 284
workplace learning, 79
medical workplace characteristics, 66
Médicins Sans Frontières,
Memoirs of a Woman Doctor, N. El Sadaawi (book), 29
Mexico, isolation of trainee doctors,
Miller’s Pyramid,
‘minority tax’, 90
misogyny networks,
mobile clinics, 72
Morrison, Lieut. Gen. David, 271
narcissm, sexual, 117
Nigeria
management of sexual harassment, 385
preference for male children, 376
vulnerability of single women, 379,
Nightingale, Florence, protections for nurses, 67
occupational sexual harassment. See workplace sexual harassment
outrage management model, 123
Oxfam, 72
pariah femininities,
patients sexually harassed by doctors, 70
performative empathy, 86
perpetrator characteristics
ability to regulate emotions and actions, 124
attitudes towards women, 124
gender, 104
goal choices, 142
need for control and power, 143
personal traits, 117
workplace status, 39
Physicians’ Pledge, 205
polyvagal theory, 231
positionality, on workplace sexual harassment, 60
presenteeism, 107
Professional Standards Authority (UK), 238
professionalism
and power,
balancing rights and obligations,
measuring through competencies,
Miller’s Pyramid,
personal identity subordination, 209
Protocol to the African Charter … Rights of Women …, 47
public health programs addressing sexual harassment,
Respect@work (Australian Human Rights Commission), 269
risk factors for sexual harassment,
ambition, 119
economic precarity, 144
First Nations persons,
International Medical Graduates, 81
intersectionality, 7
lack of confidence, 246
mental health concerns, 143
off-site socialisation, 116
overnight shiftwork, 68
prior abuse, xxvi
temporary workplaces, 74
un-monitored spaces, 68
workplace culture,
Schippers, M, alternative masculinities and femininities, 26
sexual abuse
barriers to males advocating for reduction in, 40
four factor theory, 38
impacts of, 36
men as victims, 37
power imbalance, , 40,
roles of witnesses, 39
social movements to address, 41
sexual harassment. See also other headings commencing with sexual
and child sexual abuse, 504
as exceptionalised behaviour, 27
as socially legitimized behaviour, 371
as social-role policing, 52
betrayal trauma theory, 270
burden of reporting, 481
burnout, ,
challenges for researchers, 55
complexity, questions for understanding, 56
consequences for survivors, 228,
context, targeted interventions to fit,
depression, 108
different conceptualisations, ,
disruption of teamwork, 109
dissociation,
effects of age on impacts, 105
effects of gender on impact, 105
effects on workplace culture, 106
environments facilitating, 231
financial losses for organisations and survivors,
forms of, 365
gender effects on perceptions and reporting, 104
impacts on survivors, witnesses and colleagues, ,
inappropriate focus on individuals,
incidence among doctors,
knowledge and skill to identify, 522
lack of colleague support, 310–
limiting career progression, 103,
loss of confidence in performance of gender, 32
medical disciplines, in See disciplines, medical, 1
misogyny networks,
organisational factors, 144
origin story, 48,
perpetrator initiated complaint, 381
personal becomes political, 49
professional identity formation, 226
psychological harm, , 339
public spaces, in, 31
public trust of doctors,
risk assessment and management, 522
shiftwork, 68
survivor internal conflict with professionalism,
trainees in medicine, science and engineering, 227
trauma, , 505,
trivialisation of, 27
typical targets, 328
unwanted attention, 53
use of term, development in,
witness reporting, 8
workers with multiple marginalisations, 59
sexual harassment and assault. See also other headings commencing with sexual
comprised behaviours, 115
consequences for perpetrators,
effects on witnesses,
perpetrator characteristics, , , 124
persons targeted, 117
support for survivors,
sexual harassment impacts on medical workplaces
burnout,
disruption of teamwork, 109
financial losses for organisations and survivors,
patient safety, 108
workplace culture, 106
sexual harassment management. See also foundations for change
care for perpetrators, 241
case manager gender,
integrated services, 242,
legal responsibilities, 241
mismanagement of perpetrators, 242
punitive actions on perpetrators,
quotas for women, 406
supportive cultures (UK), 238,
unintended consequences, 241
sexual harassment non-reporting, , , , ,
barrier reduction, 526
career progression, , 228
desire for anonymity, 483
lack of consequences for harasser, 326
loss of professional trust, 203
multiple stakeholders, 483
pathway, lack of, 323
statistics, , 148,
tolerance of harassment, 482
witness inaction, 210
sexual harassment prevention
awareness training, 123
comprehensive approach, 311, ,
consciousness-raising groups, 49
conversations,
culture change, 119
early detection and action, 121
education in schools, 409
hashtag activism, 57
legal reform,
male advocacy, 39
mandated training courses, 521
online platforms,
policy development, 118
public health programs, 41
recording and monitoring incidents, 122
right-wing backlash, 313–
role of leaders, 119
role of men, 409
role of organisations, , 126
safe work policies,
self-control, , 145
setting professional boundaries, 327
social movements, 41
supportive colleagues, 322
training of leaders, 120
training of persons at risk and colleagues,
sexual harassment therapy
addressing complexity, 232
dealing with shame, 232
goals of care, 229
in safe environments, 231
legal obligations of therapists,
potential conflicts for therapists,
sexual misconduct. See also other headings commencing with sexual
confidentiality for survivors, 527
critical incident analysis, 526
cultural embedding, 144
definition, 141
drivers of, 142
high-risk contexts, identifying, 524
high-risk target support, 524
idealised notions of medical profession,
increasing public awareness, 140
legal aspects, overview of, 154
moral disengagement, , 147
normalising exploitation, 210
recidivism, 164
reducing victimisation, 528
responses of targets, 141
resulting danger for patients, 383
survivor rehabilitation, 527
tactics of perpetrators, 141
targets, 143
treatment programs, 148
workplace environment, effects on,
sexualized harassment. See also other headings commencing with sexual
definition, 284
personal networks hindering reporting, 287
sexualized harassment, interventions to reduce
awareness and knowledge raising, 288
collaborative working, promotion, 288
independent contact points, 289
zero-tolerance approach, 288
social interactionism framework,
sociocultural factors and harassment, 287
standards of practice
attributes required of doctors,
Australia,
British Columbia, Canada, 190
New Zealand, 190
Singapore, 191
United Kingdom, 191
United States of America, 192
Stoute, Beverley, racial trauma, 507
Surviving in Scrubs (UK)
about the organisation,
communications between stakeholders,
culture changes,
effective education and training, 487
empowering survivors, 486
health organisation capacity, 69
independent inquiry, 489
national reporting system, 490
reporting mechanisms, 464
sexual misconduct research,
sexual safety policies, 490
Surviving Healthcare findings, 487
Surviving Healthcare recommendations, 487
telehealth, sexual harassment of doctors by patients, 73
therapeutic interventions, 124
Therapist’s Dilemma, 230
trauma
Bion’s model of containment,
breaking silence,
‘climate of silence’,
nature of,
psychological trauma treatment, 507
separation from others, 505
strategies to reduce,
theory and management training,
tripartite model of sexual harassment, 53
UN Women, 175
United Kingdom
culture of British Medical Association,
negative media coverage of doctors, 89
transparency in universities, 403
United Nations Convention … Discrimination Against Women, 47
United States, limited action on sexual harassment, 418
VeneKlasen model of power,
Violence and Harassment Convention, 470
Whitehead, C. R., medical professionalism and gender, 25
witnesses
Australian army speech,
betrayal trauma, 271
empowerment of,
moral duties,
reports of sexual harassment, 8
results of observing sexual harassment,
roles, 39
Wittig, Monique, construction of gender,
women doctors
disembodiment, 29
dress code,
hiding vulnerabilities,
IMG harassment and discrimination, 296
in ambulatory care workplaces,
menstruation,
patriarchal hierarchies in hospitals, 67
pregnancy, 30
restrictions on doctors and their training, 89
separation from male doctors in hospitals, 67
sexual harassment in public spaces, 31
sexual harassment of trainees,
telehealth, sexual harassment by patients, 73
vulnerability in making allegations, 165
vulnerability in unmonitored areas, 68
working woman, concept changes in 1970s, 48
workplace cultures. See also foundation for change
barriers to creating respect for women,
discouraging sexual harassment, 238
workplace learning. See also medical training; virtual medical training
interpersonal learning and challenges, 87
short-term allocations to teams, 87
workplace sexual harassment. See also other headings commencing with sexual; and history, recent, of sexual harassment
conceptualisation through narrative frameworks,
definitions, 6
disclosure of abuse to confidante, 240
harassment and discrimination narratives, 201
medical culture, 5,
narratives focussing on sex, 55
origin of term, 51
origin story, 58
‘sisterhood’ narrative, 58
telehealth, 73
World Federation of Medical Education, 81
World Medical Association, 205
Xenos, Dr, litigation,
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