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Size for gestational age at birth according to offspring sex and gestational weight gain in underweight women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2019

Y. Kasuga Open the ORCID record for Y. Kasuga [Opens in a new window] ,
D. Shigemi ,
M. Tamagawa ,
T. Suzuki ,
S.-H. Kim ,
T. Higuchi ,
H. Yasunaga  and
S. Nakada
Y. Kasuga*
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
D. Shigemi
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Health Economics, School of Public Health, The Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
M. Tamagawa
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
T. Suzuki
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
S.-H. Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
T. Higuchi
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
H. Yasunaga
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Health Economics, School of Public Health, The Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
S. Nakada
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
*
Address for correspondence: Y. Kasuga, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawa-Dori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013, Japan. E-mail: 17yoshi23.k@gmail.com
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Abstract

Although maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are related to fetal growth, there is a paucity of data regarding how offspring sex affects the relationship between maternal BMI in underweight mothers (pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and size for gestational age at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offspring sex on the relationships among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and size for gestational age at birth in Japanese underweight mothers. Records of women with full-term pregnancies who underwent perinatal care at Kawasaki Municipal Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan) between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The study cohort included underweight (n=566) and normal-weight women (18.5 kg/m2⩽pre-pregnancy BMI<25 kg/m2; n=2671). The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01). Additionally, SGA incidence in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01) in female, but not male (P=0.30) neonates. In the women with female neonates, pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.80; P<0.01), but inadequate GWG was not (OR: 1.38; P=0.11). In contrast, in women with male neonates, inadequate GWG was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (OR: 1.53; P=0.03), but not with pre-pregnancy underweight (OR: 1.30; P=0.10). In conclusion, the present results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight is associated with SGA in female offspring but not in male offspring.

Keywords

gestational weight gainoffspring sexsmall for gestational ageunderweight
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 10 , Issue 5 , October 2019 , pp. 536 - 541
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2019 

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