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Optimal biochar application rates for mitigating global warming and increasing rice yield in a subtropical paddy field

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2022

Xiang Yang ,
Tony Vancov ,
Josep Peñuelas ,
Jordi Sardans Open the ORCID record for Jordi Sardans [Opens in a new window] ,
Ankit Singla ,
Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei ,
Xu Song ,
Yunying Fang  and
Weiqi Wang
Xiang Yang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
Tony Vancov
Affiliation:
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
Josep Peñuelas
Affiliation:
CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Jordi Sardans*
Affiliation:
CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Ankit Singla
Affiliation:
Regional Centre of Organic Farming (HQ), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Ghaziabad 201002, India
Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Xu Song
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
Yunying Fang
Affiliation:
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
Weiqi Wang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
*
*Corresponding authors. E-mails: j.sardans@creaf.uab.cat; wangweiqi15@163.com
*Corresponding authors. E-mails: j.sardans@creaf.uab.cat; wangweiqi15@163.com
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Summary

Application of biochar to rice has shown to elicit positive environmental and agricultural impacts due to its physicochemical properties. However, the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, rice yield, and soil nutrient status under biochar amendment remains unclear. In this study, rice yield and methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were quantified in response to biochar application rate (0, 10, 20, and 40 t ha−1) to early and late subtropical rice cropping systems. We found that application of 10 t of biochar ha−1 to early rice reduced average CH4 emission fluxes, while all biochar application rates diminished average emissions in late rice paddy. Total global warming potential (GWP) and GHG intensity (GHGI) were inherently greater in late rice than early rice cropping. In early rice, GWP and GHGI were found to be similar between soil control, 10 and 20 t of biochar ha−1 treatments, although the largest occurred in the 40 t of biochar ha−1 treatment, whereas in late rice cropping, they were not affected by biochar application rates. Compared to the nil-biochar application, biochar application at varied rates did not affect rice yield. However, compared to 10 t biochar ha−1, increasing biochar application rate to 40 t ha−1 significantly decreased total rice yield (sum of early and late cropping). Generally, application of biochar increased soil salinity and total Fe and Fe2+ content while reducing soil bulk density. Temporal effects of biochar application were noted on CH4 emission flux, soil temperature, and soil Fe2+ and Fe3+ in early rice; and soil temperature, salinity, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and soil Fe2+ and Fe3+ in late rice. This study confirms that the application of biochar at the lower rate of 10 t ha−1 is optimal for maintaining rice yield while reducing GHG emissions. Moreover, the study demonstrates the potential benefit of biochar in sustainable subtropical rice production.

Keywords

BiocharCH4Crop yieldGHGIN2ORice paddy fields

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Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 57 , Issue 5-6 , December 2021 , pp. 283 - 299
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© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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