Appendix: Glossary of Names

Ablan, Pedro “Pete” (1891–1974)

→ Physical educator from the Philippines who studied at Springfield College.

Africa, Candido M. (1895–1945)

→ Prominent doctor, researcher, and scholar who became the head of the Department of Parasitology at University of the Philippines in 1932. He advocated for Asian collaboration in medical research.

Ahern, George Patrick (1859–1940)

→ First chief of the Philippine Bureau of Forestry. He founded the Forestry Department at the Agricultural College of Los Baños in 1909 and helped organize Chinese student exchanges to the school.

Alindada, José (unknown)

→ Famous Filipino jazz musician in Shanghai and alumnus of Ateneo de Manila. He helped organize the Filipino Musicians Union of Shanghai.

Alzona, Encarnacion (1895–2001)

→ Scholar who served as the chair of the Department of History at the University of the Philippines. She was a prominent historian of women’s history, advocate for women’s suffrage, and founder of the Philippine Historical Association.

Aquino, Serafin (unknown)

→ Filipino athlete and Director of Physical Education of public schools in Manila and supervisor of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation. He studied at Springfield College.

Bau, Helen Vonglin (Bao Fenglin 鮑鳳林) (unknown–1935)

→ Philippine-Chinese leader, musician, and graduate of Oberlin College. She was the wife of Albino Z. Sycip.

Benitez, Conrado O. (1889–1971)

→ Well-known journalist and author who served as dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the University of the Philippines. He coauthored several popular textbooks and edited the Philippines Herald.

Benitez, Francisco F. (1887–1951)

→ Instructor and dean of the School of Education at the University of the Philippines. He coauthored textbooks with his brother Conrado and published several monographs on education.

Beyer, H. Otley (1883–1966)

→ American anthropologist who taught at the University of the Philippines for over forty years. Under his direction, several Filipino students studied Chinese history and anthropology.

Cai Tingkai 蔡廷鍇 (1892–1968)

→ Famous general and politician of the 19th Route Army who helped defend Shanghai from the Japanese army in 1932, participated in the anti-communist encirclement campaign, and helped establish the Fujian People’s Revolutionary Government.

Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培 (1868–1940)

→ Prominent Chinese educator who served as president of Peking University and helped found the Academia Sinica. He dispatched study tours to the Philippines and supported adopting some Philippine educational strategies.

Calibo, F. M. (unknown)

→ Well-regarded Filipino member of the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra who played the piano and clarinet for over thirty years from 1905 to 1942.

Celis, Agapito Y. (unknown)

→ Filipino musician in Shanghai who served as president of the Filipino Musician Union of Shanghai and served as a captain in the Philippine Company of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps.

Chen Guohui 陳國輝 (1898–1932)

→ Militant active in Fujian in the 1920s who was the target of animosity of Hokkien overseas. The 19th Route Army captured and executed him in 1932.

Chen, K. P. (Chen Guangfu 陳光甫) (1880–1976)

→ Prominent Shanghai banker who directed the Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank and started the China Travel Service. With his colleague Albino Sycip, he helped orchestrate a diplomatic exchange between Chiang Kai-shek and Manuel Quezon.

Chen Yousong 陳友鬆 (1899–1992)

→ Chinese educator from Hubei who studied at the University of the Philippines and later wrote about his experiences there.

Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi 蔣介石) (1887–1975)

→ Leader of the Nationalist Kuomintang Party after the death of Sun Yatsen and de facto leader of the Republic of China from 1928 to 1975. He met with Philippine Senate President Manuel Quezon in 1927.

Co Seteng, Eduardo (Xu Youchao 許友超) (1900–1963)

→ One-time president of the Manila Chinese Chamber of Commerce who made his fortune in the lumber industry. He served as a mayor and governor under the Fujian People’s Revolutionary Government in 1932.

Cu Unjieng, Guillermo A. (Qiu Yunheng 邱允衡) (1866–1953)

→ Prominent Philippine-Chinese banker and founder of the Philippine Chinese Chamber of Commerce. He was one of the directors of the China Banking Corporation.

de Castro, C. (unknown)

→ Filipino assistant conductor of the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra.

de Veyra, Jaime C. (1873–1963)

→ Filipino senator and Resident Commissioner who pushed for the passage of Bookkeeping Act and supported the foundation of the School of Forestry in Los Baños.

Dee C. Chuan (Li Qingquan 李清泉) (1888–1940)

→ Prominent Philippine-Chinese banker and lumber tycoon who served as President of the Philippine Chinese Chamber of Commerce on several occasions and helped lead the community in the 1920s and 1930s. He cofounded the China Banking Corporation.

Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 (1865–1936)

→ Ruler of the Beiyang Government and Army after the death of Yuan Shikai. He ordered Li Houji to attack Kuomintang general Chen Jiongming as part of the Zhili-Anhui War in 1920, earning the animosity of many Chinese in the Philippines.

Duran, Pio S. (1900–1961)

→ Professor of law at the University of the Philippines and pan-Asianist who admired China for its “pure” civilization.

Evangelista, Honorio Canciller (unknown)

→ Filipino veterinarian and the captain of the Philippine Company of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps. His wife was Nancy Ting Evangelista.

Evangelista, Nancy Ting (unknown)

→ Chinese-Filipino from Shanghai who fled to the United States in 1950 with her husband, Honorio Canciller Evangelista.

Ezpeleta, Mariano (unknown)

→ Lawyer and diplomat who served as ambassador to several countries, including the Republic of China in Shanghai. He wrote two books about his short service in Shanghai.

Fu Huan Kuang (Fu Huanguang 傅煥光) (1892–1972)

→ Graduate of the School of Forestry in Los Baños in the Philippines who designed the Sun Yatsen Mausoleum Park in Nanjing and advocated for forest preservation and soil conservation.

Gan Bun Cho (Yan Wenchu 顏文初) (1882–1962)

→ Philippine-Chinese educator and author who published and edited numerous books, journals, and articles on education and conditions in the Philippines. He was the longtime principal of the Anglo-Chinese School.

Go Tauco, Rafael M. (Wu Kecheng 吳克誠) (1872–1931)

→ Philippine-Chinese leader and lawyer in the lumber industry. He aided in the campaign against the Bookkeeping Act.

Han, Ngan (Han An 韓安) (1883–1961)

→ Chinese forester who, with the support of George Patrick Ahern, developed an exchange program between the forestry schools at the University of Nanking and the Agricultural College in Los Baños.

Hartendorp, A. V. H. (1893–1975)

→ Dutch journalist and educator who edited the Philippine Magazine and the Manila Times. He was known for his sharp critiques of Japan.

Hiranuma Ryōzō 平沼亮三 (1879–1959)

→ Japanese diplomat and president of the Japan Amateur Sports Association. He orchestrated the disbandment of the Far Eastern Athletic Association and the end to the Far Eastern Championship Games.

Hoh Gunsun (Hao Gengsheng 郝更生) (1899–1976)

→ Leading physical educator and sports advocate from China who studied at Springfield College. He published a book on sports in China based on his Springfield dissertation.

Hu Hanmin 胡漢民 (1879–1936)

→ Chinese statesman and Kuomintang member who visited the Philippines on several occasions. He was a harsh critic of Japanese militarism.

Huang Yanpei 黃炎培 (1878–1965)

→ Politician and educator who advocated for vocational education in China. He took several tours to the Philippines to examine their educational system and later wrote monographs and articles about his findings.

Kalaw, Maximo (1891–1955)

→ Political science professor at the University of the Philippines and prominent pan-Asianist who published several Philippine textbooks.

Kiang Kang-hu (Jiang Kanghu 江亢虎) (1883–1954)

→ Chinese socialist iconoclast who penned a memoir about his global travels. He critiqued wealthy Chinese in the Philippines and the Exclusion Act.

Konoe Atsumaro 近衛篤麿 (1863–1904)

→ Japanese politician and pan-Asianist who called for greater Japanese educational engagement with China.

Kung, H. H. (Kong Xiangxi 孔祥熙) (1881–1967)

→ Wealthy banker who served as the Minister of Finance in the Kuomintang Government. He helped sponsor a Chinese exposition at the Manila Carnival.

Kuo Ping-Wen (Guo Bingwen 郭秉文) (1880–1969)

→ Influential Chinese educator who took study tours to the Philippines and wrote about education in China.

Kwong, K. L. (Kuang Guanglin 鄺光林) (1897–1955)

→ Chinese Consul General to the Philippines who worked for the Commercial Press in Shanghai.

Legaspi, Claro (1874–unknown)

→ Long-serving trombonist of the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra who also directed the school orchestra at Jinan University in Shanghai.

Li Changfu 李長傅 (1899–1966)

→ Renowned historian and scholar of Southeast Asia who published several important monographs on the region. He was a leading member of the Bureau for Nanyang Cultural Activities.

Li Houji 李厚基 (1869–1942)

→ The military leader in Fujian from 1917 to 1922. Chinese in the Philippines became disillusioned by his heavy tax burden and perceived misrule.

Lim, Chu Cong (C. C. Lim, Lin Zhuguang 林珠光) (1901–1975)

→ Director of the Chinese YMCA in Manila who founded the Xiamen Double Ten Business School and advocated for physical education.

Lin Yu (Lin You 林幽)

→ Editor of the China Critic who critiqued the treatment of Chinese in the Philippines.

Lin Yunti 林雲梯 (1866–1918)

→ Prominent Chinese businessperson from the Philippines who founded the Yunti School in Fujian. He was the father of Lim Chu Cong.

Liu Shimu 劉士木 (1889–1952)

→ Renowned Chinese scholar who led the Bureau for Nanyang Cultural Activities, a group that specialized in Southeast Asia research. He helped relocate the archives of the Bureau to Singapore during World War II.

Mo, John (Ma Yuehan 馬約翰) (1882–1966)

→ Chinese athlete and physical educator who taught for a long time at Tsinghua University. He studied at Springfield College.

Natividad, P. (unknown–1933)

→ Filipino musician who played two instruments for the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra. After he died in 1933, Filipinos in Shanghai rallied to support his family.

Oei Tjoe (Huang Yizhu 黃奕住) (1868–1945)

→ Well-known Chinese businessperson from the Dutch East Indies who cofounded the China Banking Corporation. He was also a major proponent of constructing a railway in Fujian Province.

Ouano, Bibiano (1915–1960)

→ Filipino basketball player who led the Philippine basketball team to victory at the Far Eastern Championship Games in 1934 and competed in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin.

Osias, Camilo (1889–1976)

→ Leading educator and politician who served as the President of the National University of the Philippines and Assistant Director of the Bureau of Education in the Philippines. He became an ally of Chinese educator Huang Yanpei.

Osmeña, Sergio (1878–1961)

→ Prominent Filipino politician and public servant who served as senator, vice president, and president.

Paci, Mario (1878–1946)

→ Italian conductor who oversaw the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra between World War I and World War II. He instituted the whitewashing policy of the Orchestra.

Palanca Tan Guin Lay, Carlos (Chen Yinglai 陳迎來) (1869–1950)

→ Leading Chinese businessperson from the Philippines who founded and directed the Philippine Chinese Educational Association. He was a cofounder of the China Banking Corporation.

Pardo de Tavera, Trinidad H. (1857–1925)

→ Filipino intellectual who studied the Tagalog language and argued for closer integration with the United States. He also advocated for Chinese migration rights to the Philippines and authored the Pensionado Act.

Quezon, Manuel (1878–1944)

→ One of the most prominent Filipino politicians in the colonial and commonwealth periods. He served as president of the Philippine Senate and the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He visited China on multiple occasions, and during one of those visits met with Chiang Kai-shek.

Rizal, José (1861–1896)

→ Filipino nationalist hero who wrote several classic anti-imperial novels and practiced medicine. Chinese scholars wrote extensively about him.

Sado, Benito C. (unknown)

→ Filipino musician who played the violin and tromba for the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra. He died suddenly while still serving on the Orchestra. He was the husband of Mary Kou Sado.

Sado, Mary Kou (unknown)

→ Fought with the Shanghai Municipal Council to receive compensation after her husband, Benito C. Sado, died while playing for the Shanghai Municipal Orchestra.

Shu Xincheng 舒新城 (1893–1960)

→ Chinese educator and editor who published and modified several important dictionaries. He was a vocal critic of study abroad.

Sun Li-jen (Sun Liren 孫立人) (1900–1990)

→ Kuomintang general who is known for his service during the Second Sino–Japanese War and the Civil War. He represented China in the basketball tournament of the 1921 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Sun Yatsen (Sun Zhongshan 孫中山, Sun Yixian 孫逸仙) (1866–1925)

→ Chinese revolutionary leader and founder of the Tongmenghui and Kuomintang. He is regarded as the “father” of the Republic of China.

Sung, William Z. L. (Shen Siliang 沈嗣良) (1896–1967)

→ Chinese physical educator who worked as the Secretary for the China National Amateur Athletic Federation. He denounced the Philippines and Japan for disbanding the Far Eastern Athletic Association.

Suvoong, Thomas H. (Shu Hong 舒鴻) (1894–1964)

→ Physical educator from China who attended Springfield College. He was the first Chinese referee at the Olympics in 1936.

Sycip, Albino Zarate (Xue Minlao 薛敏老) (1887–1978)

→ Chinese lawyer and businessperson from the Philippines who cofounded the China Banking Corporation and helped orchestrate a meeting between Chiang Kai-shek and Manuel Quezon. He was the husband of Helen Vonglin Bau.

Sycip, Alfonso (Xue Fenshi 薛芬士) (1883–1869)

→ Well-known Chinese leader and businessperson from the Philippines. He served as the director of the Philippine Chinese Chamber of Commerce. He was the brother of Albino Sycip.

Tan, George G. (Chen Zhang’e 陈掌谔) (1897–1981)

→ Chinese athlete who competed in the decathlon at the Far Eastern Championship Games in 1919 and attended Springfield College.

Tee Han Kee (Zheng Hanqi 鄭漢淇) (1881–1943)

→ Chinese banker and Kuomintang organizer from the Philippines. Albino Sycip introduced him to K. P. Chen in 1929.

Uychutin, Luis P. (Huang Kaizong 黃開宗) (unknown)

→ Exchange professor at the University of the Philippines who later taught in the Literature Department at Xiamen University. He edited the trilingual Philippine journal, The Oriental Brothers.

Wang, Cheng Look (unknown)

→ Secretary of the Philippine Chinese Students’ Association who tried to recruit Chinese to Philippine schools.

Wang, Chengting Thomas (Wang Zhengting 王正廷) (1882–1961)

→ Famous Chinese diplomat and physical education advocate who represented China at the Far Eastern Championship Games in 1934.

Wang Yuzeng 王玉增 (1912–2009)

→ Chinese basketball player who helped anchor the Chinese team at the 1934 Far Eastern Championship Games and 1936 Berlin Olympics.

Wu Hanfang 鄔翰芳 (unknown)

→ Chinese author from Zhejiang who visited the Philippines 1929 and taught at the Cebu Chinese School for a brief period. He wrote several articles and books about the Philippines.

Wu Ting Fang (Wu Tingfang 伍廷芳) (1842–1922)

→ Famous Chinese diplomat and politician who served as the acting president of the southern government in China. He welcomed visiting Filipino educators in 1921.

Yang, T. P. (Yang Dunfu 楊敦甫) (unknown)

→ Colleague of banker K. P. Chen and leader of the Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank. He corresponded with Albino Sycip and Dee C. Chuan in the 1920s and 1930s.

Yangco, Teodoro R. (1861–1939)

→ Prominent businessperson from the Philippines who served as the Resident Commissioner to the United States. He visited Wu Ting Fang in 1921 to discuss education and economic exchanges.

Yeung Sau-king (Yang Xiuqiong 楊秀瓊) (1919–1982)

→ Famous Hong Kong swimmer who competed in the 1936 Olympics. She represented China at the tenth Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila.

Ylanan, Regino R. (1889–1963)

→ Filipino athlete and physical educator who published several books and worked at the University of the Philippines. He studied at Springfield College.

Yldefonso, Teófilo (1903–1942)

→ Famous Filipino swimmer who was the first to receive an Olympic medal. He competed in multiple Far Eastern Championship Games.

Yokomitsu Riichi 横光利一 (1898–1947)

→ Japanese novelist who lived in Shanghai for some time and wrote a novel inspired by his experience.

Yu Cong Eng (Yang Kongying 楊孔鶯) (unknown)

→ Chinese merchant in the Philippines who sued the Philippine government for discrimination based on the Bookkeeping Act. With the support of Albino Sycip and Rafael Go Tauco, Yu Cong Eng won his case.

Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 (1859–1916)

→ Leader of the Beiyang Army who served as the first president of the Republic of China. To the chagrin of many, he declared himself emperor in 1915.

Zheng Min 鄭民 (unknown)

→ Chinese lawyer and author who attended the International Bar Association meeting in Manila in 1923 and published a research monograph on the Philippines.