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Accepted manuscript

Adverse childhood experiences, age at menopause, and vasomotor symptoms among midlife Latine adults in California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2026

SA Geisel-Zamora ,
AW Kim ,
KG Harley ,
J Deardorff ,
KR Kogut ,
M Warner ,
LE Calderon ,
B Eskenazi  and
JM Torres
SA Geisel-Zamora*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley
AW Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley
KG Harley
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
J Deardorff
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
KR Kogut
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
M Warner
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
LE Calderon
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
B Eskenazi
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
JM Torres
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
*
Corresponding author: SA Geisel-Zamora, Email: SAGZ@Berkeley.edu

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Abstract

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The menopausal transition is a pivotal period in the female reproductive lifespan with potential consequences for long-term health and quality of life. Latine adults in the US often experience menopause earlier and have more frequent vasomotor symptoms (VMS) compared to non-Latine White adults. These differences may be partly attributed to early life adversity, such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which may alter energy allocation towards faster maturation and reproductive efforts, potentially shaping variations in menopausal experiences. Using data from a sample of primarily immigrant, Mexican adults living in an agricultural region in California (N=459), we evaluated the extent to which ACEs were associated with age at menopause and VMS (hot flashes and night sweats). In adjusted models, having ACEs (vs. none) was significantly associated with experiencing hot flashes (1–3 ACEs: OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.57 – 4.00; 4+ ACEs: OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.49 – 4.24) and night sweats (1–3 ACEs: OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.02 – 2.76; 4+ ACEs: OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.37 – 4.06) but not earlier menopause (e.g., 1–3 ACEs: HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.59 – 1.21). These results suggest that the sequelae of childhood adversity may influence menopausal symptom burden.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Evolutionary Human Sciences , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 20
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and/or adaptation of the article.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.