Reference RajagopalRajagopal (2007) suggests that catatonia is a unique syndrome that requires treatment in its own right, independent of any underlying disorder.

We conducted a postal survey of psychiatrists working in south-west England and in Wales, looking at their understanding of catatonia. We also enquired about the number of cases of catatonia encountered in a 2-year period, the presence of underlying/comorbid disorders, treatment type and response to treatment.

A large number of varied signs are associated with the syndrome (Reference Bush, Fink and PetridesBush et al, 1996) and they may be subtle and unrecognised. No specific diagnostic criteria for catatonia have been established, although most authors define the syndrome by the presence of motor signs. There is a growing evidence base for effective treatment, and recognition of catatonia is important to prevent significant morbidity (Reference Rosebush and MazurekRosebush & Mazurek, 1999).

In our survey, 96% of respondents understood catatonia as a syndrome in its own right and as a subtype of schizophrenia. For the majority of signs, 90% of respondents felt confident to give a definition but there was no consensus regarding which signs need to be present to diagnose catatonia. Only 28% of respondents reported seeing a case of catatonia and a range of different treatments were used.

Catatonia continues to be recognised, but the understanding of the condition differs, which could result in underdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment. The use of rating scales might ensure more that cases are identified. There is a need to raise awareness among clinicians of this often forgotten disorder.