Rhinoscleroma and Rosai–Dorfman disease have been reported to coexist in the same patient at different sites. Rosai–Dorfman disease may have an aetiological relationship with rhinoscleroma, although this has not yet been proved.

A case of a 42-year-old woman with recurrent nasal masses is presented, with histopathological proof of both conditions coexisting in the same nasal lesion.

The aetiopathology, clinical features and treatment of both diseases are discussed and a literature survey is reported. Histologically, the presence of Mikulicz cells with entrapped, rod-like, Gram-negative bacilli and Russell bodies suggests rhinoscleroma. Emperipolesis and S-100-positive histiocytes confirm the diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease. The presence of both in the same slides from affected tissues has never been demonstrated before. In the light of this evidence, the author believes that rhinoscleroma must be considered in the aetiology of Rosai–Dorfman disease.