Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-z2ts4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-10T07:03:21.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Outbreaks of forest defoliating insects in Japan, 1950–2000

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

N. Kamata
N. Kamata*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
*
*Fax: +81 76 264 5708 E-mail: kamatan@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In Japan, several forest-defoliating insects reach outbreak levels and cause serious defoliation. Stand mortality sometimes occurs after severe defoliation. However, in general, tree mortality caused by insect defoliation is low because of the prevailing moist climate in Japan. Evergreen conifers are more susceptible to tree mortality as a result of insect defoliation whereas deciduous broad-leaved trees are seldom killed. Insect defoliation occurs more frequently in man-made environments such as among shade trees, orchards, and plantations than in natural habitats. Outbreaks of some defoliators tend to occur in stands of a particular age: e.g. outbreaks of the pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) occur more frequently in young pine plantations. In contrast, defoliation caused by outbreaks of lepidopterous and hymenopterous pests in larch plantations is more frequent with stand maturation. There is a relationship between outbreaks of some defoliators and altitude above sea level. Most outbreaks of forest defoliators were terminated by insect pathogens that operated in a density-dependent fashion. Since the 1970s, Japan has been prosperous and can afford to buy timber from abroad. More recently, there has been an increasing demand for timber in Japan, that coincides with a huge demand internationally, so that the country will need to produce more timber locally in the future. The increasing pressure on the forestry industry to meet this demand will require more sophisticated methods of pest control coupled with more sustainable methods of silviculture.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 92 , Issue 2 , April 2002 , pp. 109 - 117
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aoki, J. & Yanase, K. (1975) On fungi of Paecilomyces farinosus series isolated from some insect species. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 19, 54–56. (in Japanese).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aoki, K. (1957) Insect pathology. 493 pp. Tokyo, Gihodo (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Aruga, H., Yoshitake, N., Watanabe, H., Hukuhara, T., Nagashima, E. & Kawai, T. (1961) Further studies on polyhedroses of some Lepidoptera. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 5, 141–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aruga, H., Hukuhara, T., Fukuda, S. & Hashimoto, Y. (1963) Interference between cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis viruses of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus), and of the pine caterpillar Dendrolimus spectabilis (Butler). Journal of Insect Pathology 5, 415–421.Google Scholar
Bejer, B. (1988) The nun moth in European spruce forests. pp.211–231 in Berryman, A.A. (Ed.) Dynamics of forest insect populations. New York, Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, F.T. (1971) Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), red-headed pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). pp. 148–150 in Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada, 1959–1968. Commonwealth Institute on Biological Control Technical Communication 4.Google Scholar
Buckner, C.H. (1959) The assessment of larch sawfly cocoon predation by small mammals. Canadian Entomologist 91, 275–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furuta, K. (1976) Studies on population dynamics of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and todo-fir aphid, Aphis todocola, in latent periods. Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 279, 1–85. (in Japanese with an English summary).Google Scholar
Furuta, K. (1982) Natural control of Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) population at low density levels in Hokkaido (Japan). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 93, 513–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerardi, M.H. & Grimm, J.K. (1979). The history, biology, damage, and control of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.). 233 pp. Rutherford, New Jersey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.Google Scholar
Hasegawa, K. & Koyama, R. (1937) Basic research in pathogens of forest insects and their applications. Bulletin of the Imperial Forest Experiment Station 3, 1–26. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Hasegawa, K. & Koyama, R. (1941) Microbial control of forest insects in special reference to insect diseases. Bulletin of the Imperial Forest Experiment Station 4, 1–74. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Hukuhara, T. (1972) Introduction of a granulosis virus of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) into Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 13, 29–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hukuhara, T. & Akami, K. (1987) Demonstration of polyhedral inclusion bodies of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in field soil by immunofluorescence microscopy. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 49, 130–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Igarashi, M. (1982) Biology of Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motsulsky). Bulletin of the Tohoku Branch of the Japanese Forestry Society 34, 122–124. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Inoue, E. (1971). Studies on the biological control of forest defoliating insects using microbial insecticides. I. Mass production of NPV of Euproctis subflava. Bulletin of the Okayama Forest Research Station 11, 205–208 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Inoue, E. (1972) Studies on the biological control of forest defoliating insects using microbial insecticides. II. Field experiments against Euproctis subflava larvae. Bulletin of the Okayama Forest Research Station 12, 258–265. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Inoue, E. (1973) Studies on the biological control of forest defoliating insects using microbial insecticides. III. Application of ENV against matured larvae of Euproctis subflava in fields. Bulletin of the Okayama Forest Research Station 13, 205–208. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Iwata, Z. (1977) Population outbreaks of Dendrolimus superans in Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan. XIV. Control experiments using mixture of DCV and Bt. Forest Pests 26, 199–202. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Japan Forestry Agency (2000) White paper on forestry. 250 pp. Tokyo, Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance, Japan (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Japan Meteorological Agency (2000) Report on unusual weather in '99. 341 pp. Tokyo, Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance, Japan (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kamata, N. (1997) The beech caterpillar, Syntypistis punctatella (Motschulsky). pp.1–64 in Japan Forest Technology Association (Ed.) Reports on pests in natural broad-leaved forests in Japan. Tokyo, Japan Forestry Agency (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kamata, N. (2000) Population dynamics of the beech caterpillar, Syntypistis punctatella, and biotic and abiotic factors. Population Ecology 42, 267–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamata, N. & Igarashi, Y. (1990) Outbreaks of Quadricalcarifera punctatella in Hakkohda mountains: principles in forecasting the insect outbreaks. Monthly Report of the Tohoku Research Center of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 347, 1–3. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kamata, N. & Igarashi, Y. (1994) Some features of an outbreak of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motschulsky), on Mt. Iwaki 1994. Bulletin of the Tohoku Branch of the Entomological Society of Japan 32, 7–14. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kamata, N., Igarashi, M., Kaneko, S. & Hishiya, F. (1988) Mass mortality of beech trees following defoliation by the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella. Forest Pests 27, 10–12. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kamata, N., Sato, H. & Shimazu, M. (1997) Seasonal changes in the infection of pupae of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motsch.) (Lep., Notodontidae), by Cordyceps militaris Link (Clavicipitales, Clavicipitaceae) in the soil of the Siebold's beech forest. Journal of Applied Entomology 121, 17–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katagiri, K. (1969) Use of viruses for control of some forest insects in Japan. Review of Plant Protection Research 2, 31–41.Google Scholar
Katagiri, K. (1977) Epizootiological studies on the nuclear and cytoplasmic polyhedroses of the red belly tussock moth, Lymantria fumida Butler (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 294, 85–135. (in Japanese with an English summary).Google Scholar
Katagiri, K. (1995). Enemies of forests and friends of forests: viruses save forests. 253 pp. Tokyo, Chijinshokann (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Katagiri, K. & Iwata, Z. (1976) Control of Dendrolimus spectabilis with a mixture of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Applied Entomology and Zoology 11, 363–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katagiri, K. & Iwata, Z. (1978) Recent researches in microbial natural enemies against forest insects. Forest Pests 27, 60–64. & 72–75 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Katagiri, K. & Takamura, N. (1966) Effects of some carriers to the virulence of the Smithiavirus of Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 48, 209–212. (in Japanese with an English summary).Google Scholar
Katagiri, K., Kushida, T., Kondo, H. & Kaminaga, S. (1971) Biological control of Lymantria fumida using virus on Mt. Tsukuba. pp. 239–240 in Proceedings of the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry SocietyApril 1971.Japanese Forestry Society (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kishi, Y. (1995) The pinewood nematode Tokyo, Japan, Thomas Company.Google Scholar
Kitamura, A. (1966) Biology of Sugi tussock moth, Dasychira argentata and its control. Forest Pests 15, 77–82. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kobayashi, F. (1988) The Japanese pine sawyer in Berryman, A.A.(Ed.) Dynamics of forest insect populations: patterns, causes, implications. New York, Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, F. & Taketani, A. (1994). Forest insects. 567 pp. Tokyo, Youkendo (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kokubo, A. (1971) Mortality factors of the pine-moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler in the suburbs of Chiba City. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 15, 203–210. (in Japanese with and English summary).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koyama, R. (1954) Two epidemic diseases of Lymantria dispar L. Forest Pests 27, 10–12. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Koyama, R. (1961) A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis of Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler and its application. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 43, 91–96. (in Japanese with an English summary).Google Scholar
Koyama, R. (1963) A revised list of microbes associated with forest insects in Japan. Mushi 37, 159–165.Google Scholar
Koyama, R. (1965) Researches in microbial control of Dendrolimus spectabilis using cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. Forest Pests 14, 22–25. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Koyama, R. & Katagiri, K. (1959) Virus diseases of Lymantria fumida (L.) I. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 41, 4–10. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Kunimi, H. (1982) Transovum transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 17, 410–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurashima, I. (1995) Defoliation caused by the beech gall midge, Oligotrophus faggalli Monzen, Nakauonuma, Niigata, Japan 2. Forest Pests 44, 167–173. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Lian, D., Cai, Y., Liu, D., Zhang, Q., Hu, Y., He, H. & Zhao, Q. (1986). The atlas of insect viruses in China. 146 pp. Beijing, Hunan Science and Technology Press (in Chinese with an English preface).Google Scholar
Liebhold, A.M., Kamata, N. & Jacob, T. (1996) Cyclicity and synchrony of historical outbreaks of the beech caterpillar, Quadricalcarifera punctatella (Motschulsky) in Japan. Research in Population Ecology 38, 87–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martignoni, M.E. & Iwai, P.J. (1981). A catalogue of viral diseases of insects, mites and ticks. pp.896–911 in Burges, H.D. (Ed.) Microbial control of pests and plant diseases 1970–1980. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Nielsen, E.S., Edwards, E.D. & Rangsi, T.V. (1996). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Monograph of the Australian Lepidoptera 4. 529 pp. + compact disk. Canberra, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.Google Scholar
Neilson, M.M., Martineau, R. & Rose, A.H. (1971). Diprion hercyniae (Harting), European spruce (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). pp.136–143 in Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada, 1959–1968. Commonwealth Institute on Biological Control Technical Communication 4.Google Scholar
Nohira, T. (1993) Defoliation caused by the beech gall midge, Oligotrophus faggalli Monzen in the northern part of Gifu Prefecture. 1. The first year of the outbreak. Forest Pests 42, 137–142.Google Scholar
Nohira, T. & Ohashi, A. (1991). Population outbreaks of the beech gall midge, Oligotrophus faggalli Monzen in Gifu Prefecture. 1. Incidence of defoliation and infested areas. pp. 269–270 in Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry SocietyNagoya3–5 April 1991.Japanese Forestry Society (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Nohira, T. & Ohashi, A. (1992). Population outbreaks of the beech gall midge, Oligotrophus faggalli Monzen in Gifu Prefecture. 3. Incidence of defoliation in the 2nd year of the outbreak. pp. 535–536 in Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry SocietyTokyo3–5 April 1992.Japanese Forestry Society (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Nohira, T. & Ohashi, A. (1994). Population outbreaks of the beech gall midge, Oligotrophus faggalli Monzen in Gifu Prefecture. 4. Incidence of defoliation in the 3rd year of the outbreaks pp. 531–532 in Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry SocietyFuchu, Tokyo3–5 April 1994.Japanese Forestry Society (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Okada, N. (1993) Microbial natural enemies. Plant Pests 47 (Suppl.), 222 pp. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Okuda, M. (1970) Spiders as a predator of forest insects: notes from Basilepta pallidula and Dendrolimus spectabilis. Forest Pests 19, 192–197. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Ozawa, T. (1971) Insects feeding on larch foliage. Modern Forestry 61, 22–27. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Ozawa, T. (1981) The blackdotted pine sawfly, Diprion nipponicus, and the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii. Forestry Chemicals 77, 1–12. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Saito, T. & Aoki, J. (1983) Toxity of free fatty acids on the larval surface of two lepidopterous insects towards Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith (Deuteromyces: Moniliales). Applied Entomology and Zoology 18, 225–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, H. & Takamura, N. (1975). Relationships among insect density, defoliation level, and epidemics of diseases during population outbreaks of Lymantria dispar L. pp. 345–346 in Proceedings of the 86th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry SocietyApril 1975.Japanese Forestry Society (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Shibata, E. (1983) Collapse of the outbreak Sugi tussock moth, Dasychira argentata. Applied Entomology and Zoology 18, 487–489.Google Scholar
Shimazu, M. & Soper, R.S. (1986) Pathogenicity and sporulation of Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, Soper and Hajek (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) on larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 21, 589–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinohara, A., Vikberg, V., Zinovjev, A. & Yamagami, A. (2000) Fagineura crenativola, a new genus and species of sawfly (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae) injurious to beech trees in Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series A (Zoology) 23, 113–124.Google Scholar
Tachibana, K. & Nishiguchi, C. (1984) Observations on a progress and factors affecting the termination of gradual outbreak of the larch bud sawfly (Pristiphora erichsoni) populations in the Kiso district, central Honshu. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 66, 469–474. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Togashi, I. (1984) Moths feeding on leaves of beech, Fagus crenata Blume. Japan Heterocerist's Journal 129, 59–62. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Tomita, T. & Ebihara, T. (1982) Horizontal transmission of HcGV. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 26, 224–227. (in Japanese with an English summary).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uetsuki, K. (1955) Notes on morphology and life history of Atysa uetsukii Chujo. Forest Pests 4, 240–243. (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Xiao, G.R. (1990). Forest entomology in China. pp. 27–37 in Proceedings of the IUFRO Regional Workshop, Forest Insect Pests and Tree Diseases in the Northeast AsiaTsukuba28 August–1 September 1989.Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute.Google Scholar
Yamagami, A., Tani, S., Banno, H. & Sato, T. (1997). An outbreak of a sawfly injurious to leaves of beech trees on the Tanzawa Mountains. p. 36 in Proceedings of 9th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Environmental Entomology and ZoologyNagoya2–3 November 1997.Japanese Society of Environmental Entomology and Zoology (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Yamagami, A., Tani, S., Banno, H. & Sato, T. (1998). On a sawfly injurious to leaves of beech trees. p. 37 in the Proceedings of 10th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Environmental Entomology and ZoologyUji, Kyoto30–31October 1998.Japanese Society of Environmental Entomology and Zoology (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Yamagami, A., Tani, S., Banno, H. & Sato, T. (1999). Estimation of the density of the larvae of the beech sawfly based on the amount of dropped frass. p. 31 in Proceedings of 10th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Environmental Entomology and ZoologyNara5–6 November 1999.Japanese Society of Environmental Entomology and Zoology (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Yanbe, T. & Igarashi, M. (1983) Outbreaks of beech caterpillar and its parasite Cordyceps militaris Link. Forest Pests 32, 115–119. (in Japanese).Google Scholar