Element contents
Plantations
Extraction, Extinction, Emergence
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 June 2026
Summary
Plantations are major drivers of biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and climate change. They find root in (neo)colonial logics of mastery and progress that position nature as a passive resource, exploited to serve (certain) humans' ends. Yet the rise and fall of plantations have never been determined entirely by those humans and institutions who claim to create and control them. Rather, plantations are animated by entangled processes of multispecies extraction, extinction, and emergence. This Element considers the violence and vulnerabilities engendered by plantations for differently positioned humans and non-humans-from indentured labourers, displaced communities, and environmental activists, to soils, parasites, and crops. It examines how acts of resistance, alliance, and solidarity have challenged the dominance of plantations over places, plants, and peoples. Approaching plantations as fertile sites for theorizing inter- and intra-human relations, the Element unearths in their troubled terrains unexpected yet urgent possibilities for cultivating counter-plantation futures and multispecies justice.
Information
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Online ISBN: 9781009531245Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 02 July 2026
References
Aaron-Denz, M. (2021). ‘Health Knowledge of Former Days in a New Era’. In Menke, H., Buckingham, J., Gounder, F., Kumar, A., & Hassankhan, M. S. (eds.), Social Aspects of Health, Medicine and Disease in the Colonial and Post-Colonial Era (157–178). Routledge.Google Scholar
Aga, A. (2022). Genetically Modified Democracy: Transgenic Crops in Contemporary India. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Aikens, N., Clukey, A., King, A. K. & Wagner, I. (2019). ‘South to The Plantationocene’, ASAP/Journal. http://asapjournal.com/south-to-the-plantationocene-natalie-aikens-amy-clukey-amy-k-king-and-isadora-wagner/.Google Scholar
Allewaert, M. (2013). Ariel’s Ecology: Plantations, Personhood, and Colonialism in the American Tropics. University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Araya, A. L. (2023). ‘Monocrops’. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 50(3), 797–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arosoaie, A. (2025). ‘Aesthetics of Immersion: Contemporary Art and Pedagogies of Life in the Malaysian Rubberscape’. Environmental Humanities, 17(2), 313–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aso, M. (2018). Rubber and the Making of Vietnam: An Ecological History, 1897–1975. University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahadur, G. (2014). Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Baptista, J. B. (2018). ‘Eco(il)logical Knowledge: On Different Ways of Relating with the Known’. Environmental Humanities, 10(2), 397–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barua, M. (2023). ‘Plantationocene: A Vegetal Geography’. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 113(1), 13–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastos, C. (2024). ‘Plant-People Intimacies: Sugar Canes, Pineapples and the Memory of Migration in Hawai‘i’. Journal of Ethnobiology, 44(1), 11–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beilin, K. O. & Suryanarayanan, S. (2017). ‘The War between Amaranth and Soy: Interspecies Resistance to Transgenic Soy Agriculture in Argentina’. Environmental Humanities, 9(2), 204–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benítez-Rojo, A. (1996). The Repeating Island: The Caribbean and the Postmodern Perspective. Translated by Maraniss, J. E. Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, J. (2020). Being Property Once Myself: Blackness and the End of Man. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Besky, S. (2013). The Darjeeling Distinction: Labor and Justice on Fair-Trade Tea Plantations in India. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Besky, S. (2020). ‘Monoculture.’ in Howe, C. & Pandian, A. (eds.) Anthropocene Unseen: A Lexicon (277–280). Punctum Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bindas, K. (1992). America’s Musical Pulse: Popular Music in Twentieth-Century Society. Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boisseron, B. (2018). Afro-Dog: Blackness and the Animal Question. Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolender, K., Chao, S., & Kirksey, E. (2022). ‘Afterword: Fugitive Jurisdictions’. In S. Chao, K. Bolender, E. & Kirksey, (eds.) The Promise of Multispecies Justice (229–238). Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Borras Jr, S. M., & Franco, J. C. (2011). ‘Global Land Grabbing and Trajectories of Agrarian Change: A Preliminary Analysis’. Journal of Agrarian Change, 12(1), 34–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourgois, , P. (1989). Ethnicity at Work: Divided Labor on a Central American Banana Plantation. Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Brandão, J., Cardoso, F. & Garrett, R. (2025). ‘Why Has the Brazilian Cerrado Been Left Behind by Voluntary Environmental Policies?’ Global Environmental Change, 92, 103005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockington, D. (2002). Fortress Conservation: The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania. James Currey Publishers.Google Scholar
Bubandt, N., Sophie, C. Marianne, L. et al. (2026). ‘Anthropologists Are Talking about Ecography’. Ethnos, 91(1), 126–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byerlee, D., Stevenson, J., & Villoria, N. (2014). ‘Does Intensification Slow Crop Land Expansion or Encourage Deforestation?’ Global Food Security, 3(2), 92–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardoso, T. (2016). ‘The Multispecies Life of Feral Dendezeiros: Ethnography in Motion’. Engagement Blog. https://aesengagement.wordpress.com/2016/02/02/the-multispecies-life-of-feral-dendezeiros-ethnography-in-motion/.Google Scholar
Carlson, K. M., & Curran, L. M. (2013). ‘Refined Carbon Accounting for Oil Palm Agriculture: Disentangling Potential Contributions of Indirect Emissions and Smallholder Farmers’. Carbon Management, 4(4), 347–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casimir, J. (2020). The Haitians: A Decolonial History. Translated by L. Dubois. University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celermajer, C., Burke, A. Fishel, S. et al. (2025). Institutionalizing Multispecies Justice. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celermajer, D. Schlosberg, D., Rickards, L. et al. (2020). ‘Multispecies Justice: Theories, Challenges, and a Research Agenda for Environmental Politics’. Environmental Politics, 30(1–2), 119–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Césaire, A. (2001). Notebook of a Return to the Native Land. Translated by Eshleman, C & Smith, A. Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Chao, S. (2019). The Truth About ‘Sustainable’ Palm Oil. SAPIENS. June 13. www.sapiens.org/culture/palm-oil-sustainable/.Google Scholar
Chao, S. (2020). ‘A Tree of Many Lives: Vegetal Teleontologies in West Papua’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 10(2), 514–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S. (2021a). ‘The Beetle or the Bug? Multispecies Politics in a West Papuan Oil Palm Plantation’. American Anthropologist, 123(2), 476–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S. (2021b). ‘Can There Be Justice Here? Indigenous Perspectives from the West Papuan Oil Palm Frontier’. Borderlands, 20(1), 11–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S. (2021c). ‘Children of the Palms: Growing Plants and Growing People in a Papuan Plantationocene’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 27(2), 245–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S. (2022a). In the Shadow of the Palms: More-Than-Human Becomings in West Papua. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Chao, S. (2023b). ‘Multispecies Mourning: Grieving as Resistance on the West Papuan Oil Palm Frontier’. Cultural Studies, 37(4), 553–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S. (2022d). ‘(Un)Worlding the Plantationocene: Extraction, Extinction, Emergence’. ETropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics, 21(1), 165–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S. (2024). ‘Spaces and Subjects of Rupture on the Papuan Oil Palm Frontier.’ Antipode Online. 4 January. https://antipodeonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/1_Chao.pdf.Google Scholar
Chao, S. (2025). Land of Famished Beings: West Papuan Theories of Hunger. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Chao, S. (2026). ‘Thinking Beyond Bios in an Age of Planetary Unmaking’. In Chao, S., Winter, C. & Schlosberg, D. (eds.), Worlds Beyond Bios: The Life of Matter and the Matter of Life (1–26). Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Chao, S., Wolford, W., Ofstehage, A., Guttal, S., Gonçalves, E., & Ayala, F. (2024). ‘The Plantationocene as Analytical Concept: A Forum for Dialogue and Reflection.’ The Journal of Peasant Studies, 51(3), 541–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S., & Celermajer, D. (2023). ‘Introduction: Multispecies Justice’. Cultural Politics, 19(1), 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S., & Kirksey, E. (2022). ‘Introduction: Who Benefits from Multispecies Justice?’ In Chao, S., Kirksey, E. S., & Bolender, K. (eds.), The Promise of Multispecies Justice (1–22). Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Chao, S., & Enari, D. (2021). ‘Decolonising Climate Change: A Call for Beyond-Human Imaginaries and Knowledge Generation’. ETropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics, 20(2), 32–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S., Krupa, C., & Li, T. M. (2024). ‘Anthropologists are Talking – About Contemporary Plantations. Technologies, Violence, and Vulnerability Across Geographies and Genealogies’. Ethnos, 89(1), 158–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, S., Bolender, K., & Kirksey, E. (2022). The Promise of Multispecies Justice. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Child, B. (2019). ‘The Plantation Countermelodies of Dunbar and Du Bois: Writing Agropolitical Subjecthood in the Nadir.’ American Literature, 91(3), 557–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chua, L., Fair, H., Schreer, V., Stepien, A., & Thung, H. (2021). ‘“Only the Orangutans Get a Life Jacket”: Uncommoning Responsibility in a Global Conservation Nexus’. American Ethnologist, 48(4), 370–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clukey, A., & Wells, J. (2016). ‘Introduction: Plantation Modernity’. The Global South, 10(2), 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colchester, M., Chao, S. & Jiwan, N. (2012). Securing Rights through Commodity Roundtables? A Comparative Review. Forest Peoples Programme. https://www.forestpeoples.org/fileadmin/uploads/fpp/migration/publication/2012/11/securing-rights-through-commodity-roundtables-comparative-review.pdf.Google Scholar
Colchester, M., Chao, S., & Anderson, P. (2014). Assault on the Commons: Deforestation and Denial of Rights in Indonesia. Moreton-in-Marsh: Forest Peoples Programme. https://www.forestpeoples.org/fileadmin/uploads/fpp/migration/publication/2014/12/assault-commons.pdf.Google Scholar
Conde, M. (2020). ‘A Philippine Stingless Bee Helps Boost Coconut Yields and Empower Women’. Mongabay, 29 September. https://news.mongabay.com/2020/09/a-philippine-stingless-bee-helps-boost-coconut-yields-and-empower-women/.Google Scholar
Conway, G. (2012). One Billion Hungry: Can We Feed the World? Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cousins, T. (2023). The Work of Repair: Capacity After Colonialism in the Timber Plantations of South Africa. Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
Cramb, R. & McCarthy, J. (2016). ‘Characterising Oil Palm Production in Indonesia and Malaysia’. In Cramb, R. & McCarthy, J. (eds.), The Oil Palm Complex: Smallholders, Agribusiness and the State in Indonesia and Malaysia (27–77). National University of Singapore Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronon, W. (1996). ‘The Trouble with Wilderness: Or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature’. Environmental History, 1(1), 7–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curry, G. N., & Koczberski, G. (2009). ‘Finding Common Ground: Relational Concepts of Land Tenure and Economy in the Oil Palm Frontier of Papua New Guinea’. The Geographical Journal, 175(2), 98–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danielsen, F., Beukema, H., Burgess, N. D. et al. (2009). ‘Biofuel Plantations on Forested Lands: Double Jeopardy for Biodiversity and Climate’. Conservation Biology, 23, 348–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dauvergne, P., & Neville, K. J. (2010). ‘Forests, Food, and Fuel in the Tropics: The Uneven Social and Ecological Consequences of the Emerging Political Economy of Biofuels’. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(4), 631–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, J., Moulton, A. A., van Sant, L., & Williams, B. (2019). ‘Anthropocene, Capitalocene, … Plantationocene?: A Manifesto for Ecological Justice in an Age of Global Crises’. Geography Compass, 13(e12438), 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, L., & Hogue, R. (2019). “Plantation Housing Isn’t the Answer to Homelessness in Hawaiʻi.” Edge Effects. http://edgeeffects.net/kahauiki-village/.Google Scholar
de la Cadena, M. (2014). ‘Runa: Human But Not Only’. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 4(2), 253–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, W. (1987). Brazil and the Struggle for Rubber: A Study in Environmental History. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
DeLombard, J. (2019). ‘Dehumanizing Slave Personhood’. American Literature, 19(3), 491–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dillon, E. M. (2019). ‘The Plantationocene and the Performative Commons: A Brief History of Uncommoning’. Minnesota Review, 93, 83–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dove, M. R. (2011). The Banana Tree at the Gate: A History of Marginal Peoples and Global Markets in Borneo. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dubois, L. (2012). A Colony of Citizens: Revolution and Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787–1804. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Dubois, L., & Turits, R. (2019). Freedom Roots: Histories from the Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, P. L. (1903). ‘The Haunted Oak’. In Braxton, J. M (ed.), The Collected Poetry (219–220). University of Virginia Press.Google Scholar
Eersel, M. (2021). ‘Revisiting F.A. Kuhn’s “Reflection on the Situation of the Surinamese Plantation Slaves: An Economic-Medical Contribution to its Improvement (1828)”’. In Menke, H., Buckingham, J., Gounder, F., Kumar, A., & Hassankhan, M. S. (eds.), Social Aspects of Health, Medicine and Disease in the Colonial and Post-colonial Era (75–100). Routledge.Google Scholar
Eichen, J. (2020). ‘Cheapness and (Labor-)Power: The Role of Early Modern Brazilian Sugar Plantations in the Racializing Capitalocene’. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 38(1), 35–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escobar, A. (1999). ‘After Nature: Steps to an Antiessentialist Political Ecology’. Current Anthropology, 40(1), 1–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabro, K. A. (2023). ‘Is the Genetically Modified, Nutrient-rich Golden Rice as Safe as Promised?’ Mongabay. 11 September. https://news.mongabay.com/2023/09/is-the-genetically-modified-nutrient-rich-golden-rice-as-safe-as-promised/.Google Scholar
Fett, S. (2002). Working Cures: Healing, Health, and Power on Southern Slave Plantations. University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Fitzherbert, E. B., Struebig, M. J., Morel, A. et al. (2008). ‘How Will Oil Palm Expansion Affect Biodiversity?’ Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23(10), 539–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flachs, A. (2025). Feeding the World as If People Mattered: How Small Farms Produce Value Beyond Yields. University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Flachs, A., Bastos, C., Heath, D., & Venkateswar, S. (2024). ‘Introduction to Special Collection: Plant-Anthropo-Genesis: The Co-Production of Plant–People Lifeworlds.’ Journal of Ethnobiology, 44(1), 3–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forney, J., Rosin, C., & Campbell, H. (2018). Agri-Environmental Governance as an Assemblage: Multiplicity, Power, and Transformation. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, L.A. (2017). Reinventing Hoodia: Peoples, Plants, and Patents in South Africa. University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Gabriel, J., Nelson, N., Filer, C., & Wood, M. (2017). Oil Palm Development and Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Papua New Guinea. In McDonnell, S., Allen, M. G., & Filer, C. (eds.), Kastom, Property, and Ideology: Land Transformations in Melanesia (205–250). Australian National University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galvin, S. S. (2018). ‘Interspecies Relations and Agrarian Worlds.’ Annual Review of Anthropology, 47, 233–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giesen, J. (2011). Boll Weevil Blues: Cotton, Myth, and Power in the American South. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, S., & Taussig, M. (2017). Becoming Palm. NTU Centre for Contemporary Art Singapore & Sternberg Press.Google Scholar
Gilroy, P. (1995). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Goldstein, J. (2016). ‘Carbon Bomb: Indonesia’s Failed Mega Rice Project’. Environment & Society Portal, Arcadia, 6. https://doi.org/10.5282/rcc/7474.Google Scholar
Gordillo, G. R. (2004). Landscapes of Devils: Tensions of Place and Memory in the Argentinean Chaco. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Grandin, G. (2010). Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City. Picador.Google Scholar
Gray, R., & Sheikh, S. (2018). ‘The Wretched Earth: Botanical Conflicts and Artistic Interventions. Introduction’. Third Text, 32(2–3), 163–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, L. (2007). Battling the Plantation Mentality: Memphis and the Black Freedom Struggle. University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guthman, J. (2019). Wilted: Pathogens, Chemicals, and the Fragile Future of the Strawberry Industry. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hall, R., Edelman, M., Borras, S., White, B., & Wolford, W. (2015). ‘Resistance, Acquiescence or Incorporation? An Introduction to Land Grabbing and Political Reactions “From Below”’. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(3–4), 467–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, S., & McAndrew, J. (2018). ‘Impact of Government Policies and Corporate Land Grabs on Indigenous People’s Access to Common Lands and Livelihood Resilience in Northeast Cambodia’. Land, 7(4), 122.Google Scholar
Haraway, D. J. (2015). ‘Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making Kin’. Environmental Humanities, 6, 159–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, S. (1997). Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth Century America. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hartman, S. (2007). Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route. Farrar, Strauss & Giroux.Google Scholar
Hatch, A. R., Sternlieb, S., & Gordon, J. (2019). ‘Sugar Ecologies: Their Metabolic and Racial Effects’. Food, Culture, and Society, 22(5), 595–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetherington, K. (2013). “Beans Before the Law: Knowledge Practices, Responsibility, and the Paraguayan Soy Boom.” Cultural Anthropology, 28(1), 65–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, B. (2010). The New Plantation: Black Athletes, College Sports, and Predominantly White NCAA Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hecht, G. (2018). ‘Interscalar Vehicles for an African Anthropocene: On Waste, Temporality, and Violence’. Cultural Anthropology, 33(1), 109–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrmans, I. (2020). ‘Spirits Out of Place: Relational Landscapes and Environmental Change in East Kalimantan, Indonesia’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 26(4), 766–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetherington, K. (2019). ‘The Concentration of Killing: Soy, Labor, and the Long Green Revolution’. In Besky, S. & Blanchette, A. (eds.), How Nature Works: Rethinking Labor on a Troubled Planet (41–58). University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Hetherington, K. (2020). The Government of Beans: Regulating Life in the Age of Monocrops. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Hernandez, J. (2022). Fresh Banana Leaves: Healing Indigenous Landscapes through Indigenous Science. North Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
Hiddleston, J. (2025). ‘“Everything is in Everything”: Tropiques, Césaire, and Ecological Thought’. ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 32(1), 133–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, J. F. (1951). A History of the Hemp Industry in Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky.Google Scholar
Hosbey, J., & Roane, J. T. (2021). ‘A Totally Different Form of Living: On the Legacies of Displacement and Marronage as Black Ecologies’. Southern Cultures, 27(1), 68–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, S. (2017). Steeped in Heritage: The Racial Politics of South African Rooibos Tea. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, S. (2012). Creole Indigeneity: Between Myth and Nation in the Caribbean. University of Minnesota PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Z. I. (2015). ‘Outer Worlds: The Persistence of Race in Movement “Beyond the Human”’. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 21(2–3), 215–218.Google Scholar
Jackson, Z. I. (2020). Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World. New York University Press.Google Scholar
Jegathesan, M. (2021). ‘Black Feminist Plots before the Plantationocene and Anthropology’s “Regional Closets”’. Feminist Anthropology, 2: 78–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judith, C. (2004). ‘“With Grains in her Hair’: Rice History and Memory in Colonial Brazil’. Slavery and Abolition, 25(1), 1–27.Google Scholar
Keeve, C.B. (2020). “Fugitive Seeds.” Edge Effects. Available at: https://edgeeffects.net/fugitive-seeds/.Google Scholar
Keil, P. (2025). The Presence of Elephants: Sharing Lives and Landscapes in Assam. Routledge.Google Scholar
Kennedy, R. (2013). Cotton and Conquest: How the Plantation System Acquired Texas. University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Kenney-Lazar, M., & Ishikawa, N. (2019). ‘Mega-Plantations in Southeast Asia’. Environment and Society, 10(1), 63–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, A. (2016). ‘“Just like Back Home—Only Different!”: Plantation Exploitation in 1970s Women-in-Prison Movies Filmed in the Philippines’. The Global South, 10(2), 48–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, T. L. (2016). ‘The Labor of (Re)reading Plantation Landscapes Fungible(ly)’. Antipode, 48(4), 1022–1039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, T. L. (2019). The Black Shoals: Offshore Formations of Black and Native Studies. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Koczberski, G. and Curry, G.N. (2004). ‘Divided Communities and Contested Landscapes: Mobility, Development, and Shifting Identities in Migrant Destination Sites in Papua New Guinea.’ Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 45(4), 357–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, E. (2015). How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology beyond the Human. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Koshy, S. Cacho, L. M., Byrd, J. A., & Jefferson, B. J. (eds.) (2022). Colonial Racial Capitalism. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Kröger, M. (2022). Extractivisms, Existences, and Extinctions: Monoculture Plantations and Amazon Deforestation. Routledge.Google Scholar
Krupa, C. (2022). A Feast of Flowers: Race, Labor, and Postcolonial Capitalism in Ecuador. University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Kumpf, D. (2021). ‘Multispecies Monocultures: Organic Agriculture and Resistance on Indian Tea Plantations’. Berliner Blätter, 84, 49–61.Google Scholar
Kumpf, D. (2023). ‘Finding Deities in Monoculture Rows: Everyday Affects of Green Growth’. Antipode Online. 4 January. https://antipodeonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/4_Kumpf.pdf.Google Scholar
Lattas, A. (1993). ‘Sorcery and Colonialism: Illness, Dreams, and Death as Political Languages in West New Britain’. Man, 28(1), 51–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leguizamón, A. (2020). Seeds of Power: Environmental Injustice and Genetically Modified Soybeans in Argentina. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1961). Tristes Tropiques. Translated by Russell, J. Criterion Books.Google Scholar
Lewis, D. C. (1996). The Plantation Dream: Developing British New Guinea and Papua 1884–1942. The Journal of Pacific History.Google Scholar
Li, T. M. (2007). The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Lima, M., da Silva Junior, C. A. Pelissari, T. D. et al. (2020). ‘Sugarcane: Brazilian Public Politics Threaten the Amazon and Pantanal Biomes’. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 18(3), 210–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loichot, V. (2013). The Tropics Bite Back: Culinary Coups in Caribbean Literature. University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López, A. J. (2011). ‘The Plantation as Archive: Images of “the South” in the Postcolonial World’. Comparative Literature, 63(4), 402–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macedo, M. (2024). ‘Plantations Beyond Monocrops: Cannabis Ecologies From Colonial Angola to São Tomé’. Journal of Ethnobiology, 44(1), 46–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manjapra, K. (2018). ‘Plantation Dispossessions: The Global Travel of Agricultural Racial Capitalism’. In Beckert, S. and Desan, C. (eds.), American Capitalisms: New Histories (361–386). Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Mathews, A. S. (2009). ‘Unlikely Alliances: Encounters between State Science, Nature Spirits, and Indigenous Industrial Forestry in Mexico, 1926–2008’. Current Anthropology, 50(1), 75–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews, A. S. (2018). ‘Landscapes and Throughscapes in Italian Forest Worlds: Thinking Dramatically about the Anthropocene’. Cultural Anthropology, 33(3), 386–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mbembe, A. (2003). ‘Necropolitics.’ Translated by S. Corcoran. Public Culture, 15(1), 11–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKie, R. (2024). ‘“A Catastrophe”: Greenpeace Blocks Planting of “Lifesaving” Golden Rice’. The Guardian. May 25. www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/25/greenpeace-blocks-planting-of-lifesaving-golden-rice-philippines.Google Scholar
McKinson, K. (2024). ‘A House Pon the Hill: Refractions of Black Death and Desire through the Jamaican Plantation Great House’. Antipode Online. 4 January. https://antipodeonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/9_McKinson.pdf.Google Scholar
McKittrick, K. (2011). ‘On Plantations, Prisons, and a Black Sense of Place.’ Social & Cultural Geography, 12(8), 947–963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McInnis, J. C. (2016) ‘“Behold the Land”: W. E. B. Du Bois, Cotton Futures, and the Afterlife of the Plantation in the US South.’ The Global South, 10(2), 70–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meijaard, E., Wich, S. A.. Ancrenaz., M., & Marshall, A. J.. (2011). ‘Not by Science Alone: Why Orangutan Conservationists Must Think Outside the Box’. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 29–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meijaard, E., Sherman, J., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Santika, T., & Voigt., M. (2018). ‘Orangutan Populations are Certainly Not Increasing in the Wild’. Current Biology, 28(21), R1241–R124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meijaard, E., Garcia-Ulloa, J., & Douglas, S. (2018). Oil Palm and Biodiversity: A Situation Analysis by the IUCN Oil PALM Task Force. IUCN Oil Palm Task Force.Google Scholar
Menke, J., Ramdas, S., Reyme, M., & Pieters, T. (2021). ‘Leprosy, a Multidimensional Approach: Colonialism, Slavery, Indentured Labour and Animal Mythology in Suriname’. In Menke, H., Buckingham, J., Gounder, F., Kumar, A., & Hassankhan, M. S. (eds.), Social Aspects of Health, Medicine and Disease in the Colonial and Post-colonial Era (223–246). Routledge.Google Scholar
Mier, M., & Cacho, T. G. (2016). ‘Soybean Agri-Food Systems Dynamics and the Diversity of Farming Styles on the Agricultural Frontier in Mato Grosso, Brazil’. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(2), 419–441.Google Scholar
Milne, S. (2022). Corporate Nature: An Insider’s Ethnography of Global Conservation. University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Mintz, S. W. (1996). Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions into Eating, Culture, and the Past. Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Missouri Sherman-Peter, A. (2022). The Legacy of Slavery in the Caribbean and the Journey Towards Justice, UN Chronicle. www.un.org/en/un-chronicle/legacy-slavery-caribbean-and-journey-towards-justice.Google Scholar
Mitman, G. (2021). Empire of Rubber: Firestone’s Scramble for Land and Power in Liberia. The New Press.Google Scholar
Moore, D. S., Pandian, A., & Kosek, J. (2003). ‘The Cultural Politics of Race and Nature: Terrains of Power and Practice’. In Moore, D., Kosek, J., & Pandian, A. (eds.), Race, Nature, and the Politics of Difference (1–70). Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Moore, J. (2010). ‘The End of the Road? Agricultural Revolutions in the Capitalist World-Ecology, 1450–2010’. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(3), 389–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, J. (2015). Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital. Verso.Google Scholar
Moran-Thomas, A. (2019). Traveling with Sugar: Chronicles of a Global Epidemic. University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, J. (2004). Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery. University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moulton, A., & Harris, D. eds. (2025). Political Ecologies of Futurity: Storytelling Plantation Afterlives, Climate Erasures, and Socioecological Justice. Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Münster, U. (2014). ‘Working for the Forest: The Ambivalent Intimacies of Human–Elephant Collaboration in South Indian Wildlife Conservation’. Ethnos, 81(3), 425–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, N. (2017). ‘From the Anthropocene to the Planthroposcene: Designing Gardens for Plant/People Involution’. History and Anthropology, 28(3), 297–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neimanis, A. (2023). ‘Stygofaunal Worlds: Subterranean Estrangement and Otherwise Knowing for Multispecies Justice’. Cultural Politics, 19(1), 18–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunn, E. (2016). ‘“A Great Addition to Their Harmony”: Plantation Slavery and Musical Exchange in Seventeenth-Century Barbados’. The Global South, 10(2), 27–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obidzinski, K., Andriani, R., Komarudin, H., & Andrianto, A. (2012). ‘Environmental and Social Impacts of Oil Palm Plantations and their Implications for Biofuel Production in Indonesia’. Ecology and Society, 17(1), 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliveira, G., & Hecht, S. (2016). ‘Sacred Groves, Sacrifice Zones, and Soy Production: Globalization, Intensification, and Neo-Nature in South America’. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(2), 251–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortiz, F. (1947). Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar. Translated by H. de Ortís. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Owens, D.C. (2017). Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology. University of Georgia Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, S. E., & Hooijer, A. (2016). ‘In the Line of Fire: The Peatlands of Southeast Asia’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 371(1696), 20150176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paredes, A. (2023). Experimental Science for the ‘Bananapocalypse’: Counter Politics in the Plantationocene. Ethnos, 88(4), 837–863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peluso, N. (1992). Rich Forests, Poor People: Resource Control and Resistance in Java. University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perdue, T. (2012). ‘The Legacy of Indian Removal’. The Journal of Southern History, 78(1), 3–36.Google Scholar
Perfecto, I., Jiménez-Soto, E., & Vandermeer, J. (2019). ‘Coffee Landscapes: Shaping the Anthropocene. Forced Simplification on a Complex Agroecological Landscape’. Current Anthropology, 60, S236–S250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, K.-K. Y. (2013). Black Women against the Land Grab: The Fight for Racial Justice in Brazil. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Petrenko, C., Paltseva, J., & Searle, S. (2016). Ecological Impacts of Palm Oil Expansion in Indonesia. The International Council on Clean Transportation.Google Scholar
Plumwood, V. (2002). Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason. Routledge.Google Scholar
Porter, K. (2013). The Black Seminoles: History of a Freedom-Seeking People. University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Price, C., & Chao, S. (2022). ‘Multispecies, More-than-human, Non-human, Other-than-human: Reimagining Idioms of Animacy in an Age of Planetary Unmaking’. Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 10(2), 177–193.Google Scholar
Price, R. (1979). Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the America. Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Pye, O. Daud, R. Harmono, Y. & Tatat, (2012). ‘Precarious Lives: Transnational Biographies of Migrant Oil Palm Workers’. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 53(3), 330–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qaim, M., Sibhatu, K. T., Siregar, H., & Grass, I. (2020). ‘Environmental, Economic, and Social Consequences of the Oil Palm Boom’. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 12, 321–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rekow, L. (2019). ‘Socio-ecological Implications of Soy in the Brazilian Cerrado’. Challenges in Sustainability, 7(1), 7–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, J. (2019). ‘“We Live Like This”: Local Inequalities and Disproportionate Risk in the Context of Extractive Development and Climate Change on New Hanover Island, Papua New Guinea’. Oceania, 89(1), 68–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rood, D. (2017). The Reinvention of Atlantic Slavery: Technology, Labor, Race, and Capitalism in the Greater Caribbean. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, D. B., & van Dooren, T. (2017). ‘Introduction: Telling Extinction Stories’. In van Dooren, T. & Chrulew, M. (eds.), Extinction Studies: Stories of Time, Death, and Generations (1–17). Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Bird Rose, D., van Dooren, T., Chrulew, M., Cooke, S., Kearnes, M., and O’Gorman, E. (2012). ‘Thinking Through the Environment, Unsettling the Humanities’. Environmental Humanities, 1, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudge, A. (2022). ‘Cultivating “Care”: Colonial Botany and the Moral Lives of Oil Palm at the Twentieth Century’s Turn’. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 64(4), 878–909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudge, A. (2024). ‘Longing, Loss, and Regret Beyond the Borders of a Malaysian Oil Palm Plantation’. Antipode Online. 4 January. https://antipodeonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/3_Rudge.pdf.Google Scholar
Rugemer, E. (2013). ‘The Development of Mastery and Race in the Comprehensive Slave Codes of the Greater Caribbean during the Seventeenth Century’. The William and Mary Quarterly, 70(3), 429–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz-Serna, D. (2023). ‘Transitional Justice beyond the Human: Indigenous Cosmopolitics and the Realm of Law in Colombia’. Cultural Politics, 19(1), 57–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusert, B. (2019). ‘Naturalizing Coercion: The Tuskegee Experiments and the Laboratory of Life of the Plantation’. In Benjamin, R. (ed.), Captivating Technology: Race, Carceral Technoscience, and Liberatory Imagination in Everyday Life (25–49). Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanadhya, T. (1991). ‘The Story of the Haunted Line.’ Translated by B. V. Lal and B. Shineberg. The Journal of Pacific History, 26(1): 107–112.Google Scholar
Sarkar, A. (2023). ‘The Fever Comes and Goes: Encountering Ecohorror, Toxicity, and Dystopian Impulses in Samanta Schweblin’s Fever Dream’. Literary Voice, 1(21), 176–184.Google Scholar
Sauer, S. (2018). ‘Soy Expansion into the Agricultural Frontiers of the Brazilian Amazon: The Agribusiness Economy and Its Social and Environmental Conflicts’. Land Use Policy, 79, 326–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savilaakso, S., Garcia, C., Garcia-Ulloa, J. et al. (2014). Systematic Review of Effects on Biodiversity from Oil Palm Production. Centre for International Forestry Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, M., Goldman, L., Weisse, M., Amaral, L., & Calada, L. (2021). ‘The Commodity Report: Soy Production’s Impact on Forests in South America’. Global Forest Watch. December 3. www.globalforestwatch.org/blog/forest-insights/soy-production-forests-south-america/.Google Scholar
Scott, J. C. (1998). Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sen, D. (2017). Everyday Sustainability: Gender Justice and Fair Trade Tea in Darjeeling. State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Sharpe, C. (2010). Monstrous Intimacies: Making Post-Slavery Subjects. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Shiva, V. (1993). Monocultures of the Mind: Perspectives on Biodiversity and Biotechnology. Zed Books.Google Scholar
Sklodowska, E. (2022). ‘Etched in Sugar, Soil, Metal and Blood: The Plantationocene and the Afterlives of Racialized Plantation in Contemporary Cuban Art’. In Moraña, M (ed.), Poetics of Race in Latin America (35–60). Anthem Press.Google Scholar
Soluri, J. (2000). ‘People, Plants, and Pathogens: The Eco-Social Dynamics of Export Banana Production in Honduras, 1875–1950’. Hispanic American Historical Review, 80(3), 463–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soluri, J. (2005). Banana Cultures: Agriculture, Consumption, and Environmental Change in Honduras and the United States. University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Song, X. P., Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. et al. (2021). ‘Massive Soybean Expansion in South America since 2000 and Implications for Conservation’. Nature Sustainability, 4, 784–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spillers, H. (1987). ‘Mama’s Baby, Papa’s Maybe: An American Grammar Book’. Diacritics, 17(2), 64–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, E. & Buffavand, L. (2018). ‘“Do Our Bodies Know Their Ways?” Villagization, Food Insecurity, and Ill-Being in Ethiopia’s Lower Omo Valley’. African Studies Review, 61(1), 109–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoler, A. L. (1985). Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra’s Plantation Belt, 1879–1979. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Stone, G. and Glover, D. (2016). “Disembedding Grain: Golden Rice, the Green Revolution, and Heirloom Seeds in the Philippines.” Agriculture and Human Values, 34(1), 87–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suhardi, E. (2025). ‘Prabowo Reinvigorates the Development of Oil Palm Plantations.’ The Jakarta Post. January 6. www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2025/01/06/prabowo-reinvigorates-the-development-of-oil-palm-plantations.html.Google Scholar
Sultana, F. (2024). Confronting Climate Coloniality: Decolonizing Pathways for Climate Justice. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takaki, R. (1983). Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawai‘i, 1835–1920. University of Hawai’i Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TallBear, K. (2015). ‘An Indigenous Reflection on Working Beyond the Human/Not Human’. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 21(2–3), 230–235.Google Scholar
Tammisto, T. (2019) “Making Temporal Environments: Work, Places, and History in the Mengen Landscape,” in Lounela, A., Berglund, E., and Kallinessn, T. (eds.) Dwelling in Political Landscapes: Contemporary Anthropological Perspectives (247–263). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.Google Scholar
Tammisto, T. (2024). Hard Work: Producing Places, Relations and Value on a Papua New Guinea Resource Frontier. University of Helsinki Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, D. (2019). Political Life in the Wake of the Plantation: Entanglement, Witnessing, Repair. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, D. (2023). ‘Afterlives: The Recursive Plantation’, in Petitcorps, C. Le, Macedo, M., & Peano, I. (eds.), Global Plantations in the Modern World: Sovereignties, Ecologies, Afterlives (353–364). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Thompson, A. (2006). Flight to Freedom: African Runaways and Maroons in the Americas. University of the West Indies Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, T. (1975). Plantation Societies, Race Relations, and the South: The Regimentation of Populations. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Tomich, D. (2011). ‘Rethinking the Plantation: Concepts and Histories’. Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 34(1–2), 15–39.Google Scholar
Torres Mora, Á. G. (2020). ‘Acumulación primitiva y acaparamiento de tierras en Colombia: Dinámicas del desarrollo’. Papel Político, 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trouillot, M.-R. (2002). ‘Culture on the Edges: Caribbean Creolization in Historical Context’. In Axel, B. K. (ed.), From the Margins: Historical Anthropology and its Futures (189–210). Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Tschakert, P., Schlosberg, D., Celermajer, D. et al. (2021). ‘Multispecies Justice: Climate-Just Futures With, For, and Beyond Humans’. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews, 12(2), e699.Google Scholar
Tsing, A. L. (2003). ‘Natural Resources and Capitalist Frontiers’. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(48), 5100–5106.Google Scholar
Tsing, A. L. (2011). ‘Arts of Inclusion, or, How to Love a Mushroom’. Australian Humanities Review, 50, 5–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsing, A. L. (2012). ‘On Nonscalability: The Living World is Not Amenable to Precision-Nested Scales’. Common Knowledge, 18(3), 505–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsing, A. L. (2014). ‘More-Than-Human Sociality: A Call for Critical Description’. In Hastrup, K. (ed.), Anthropology and Nature (27–42). Routledge.Google Scholar
Tsing, A. L. (2015). The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tsing, A. L. (2018). ‘Getting by in Terrifying Times’. Dialogues in Human Geography, 8(1), 73–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsing, A. L., Mathews, A. S., & Bubandt, N. (2019). ‘Patchy Anthropocene: Landscape Structure, Multispecies History, and the Retooling of Anthropology’. Current Anthropology, 60, pS186–S197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Union of Concerned Scientists. (2016). ‘What’s Driving Deforestation?’ Union of Concerned Scientists. www.ucsusa.org/resources/whats-driving-deforestation.Google Scholar
van Andel, T., Maat, H., & Pinas, N. (2023). ‘Maroon Women in Suriname and French Guiana: Rice, Slavery, Memory’. Slavery & Abolition, 45(2), 187–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Dooren, T. (2014). Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction. Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
van Dooren, T., & Rose, D.B. (2016). ‘Lively Ethography: Storying Animist Worlds’. Environmental Humanities, 8(1), 77–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Dooren, T., Kirksey, E. S., & Münster, U. (2016). ‘Multispecies Studies: Cultivating Arts of Attentiveness’. Environmental Humanities, 8(1), 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandertop, C. (2020). ‘Ghosts of the Plantation: Sugar, Narrative Energetics and Gothic Ecologies in Fiji’. Green Letters, 24(2), 155–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkins, C. (2021). Palm Oil Diaspora: Afro-Brazilian Landscapes and Economies on Bahia’s Dendê Coast. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, M., & Webb-Gannon, C. (2020). ‘Decolonization, Popular Song and Black-Pacific Identity in Melanesia’. Media, Culture & Society, 42(1), 142–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb-Gannon, C., & Webb, M. (2018). ‘Sound Tracks of the Black Pacific: Music, Identity and Resilience in Australian South Sea Islander Communities’. Pacific Dynamics: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(1), 35–44.Google Scholar
Weheliye, A. G. (2014). Habeas Viscus: Racializing Assemblages, Biopolitics, and Black Feminist Theories of the Human. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
West, P. (2012). From Modern Production to Imagined Primitive: The Social World of Coffee from Papua New Guinea. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Whitaker, J.A. (2020). ‘Strategic Alliance and the Plantationocene among the Makushi in Guyana.’ Social Anthropology, 28, 881–896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, M. (2018). Freedom Farmers: Agricultural Resistance and the Black Freedom Movement. University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, B., & Porter, J. (2022). ‘Cotton, Whiteness, and Other Poisons’. Environmental Humanities, 14(3), 499–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, B., Squire, D., & Tuitt, F. eds. (2021). Plantation Politics and Campus Rebellions: Power, Diversity, and the Emancipatory Struggle in Higher Education. State University of New York Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winter, C. (2023). ‘Unearthing the Time/Space/Matter of Multispecies Justice’. Cultural Politics, 19(1), 39–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, E. R., & Mintz, S. W. (1957). ‘Haciendas and Plantations in Middle America and the Antilles’. Social and Economic Studies, 6(3), 380–412.Google Scholar
Wolford, W. (2021). ‘The Plantationocene: A Lusotropical Contribution to the Theory’. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 111(6), 1622–1639.Google Scholar
Woods, C. (1998). Development Arrested: The Blues and Plantation Power in the Mississippi Delta. Verso Books.Google Scholar
World Resources Institute. (2024). ‘Deforestation Linked to Agriculture Indicator’. Global Forest Review, updated April 4, 2024. World Resources Institute. https://research.wri.org/gfr/forest-extent-indicators/deforestation-agriculture.Google Scholar
Wynter, S. (2003). ‘Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, AfterMan, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument’. CR: The Centennial Review, 3(3), 257–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates-Doerr, E. (2019). ‘Whose Global, Which Health? Unsettling Collaboration with Careful Equivocation’. American Anthropologist, 121(2), 297–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Accessibility standard: WCAG 2.1 AA
Why this information is here
This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.Accessibility Information
The HTML of this element
complies with version 2.1 of the
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
(WCAG), covering newer accessibility requirements and improved
user experiences and achieves the intermediate
(AA)
level of WCAG compliance, covering a wider range of accessibility requirements.
Content Navigation
Table of contents navigation
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.
Reading Order & Textual Equivalents
Single logical reading order
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.
Short alternative textual descriptions
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.
Visual Accessibility
Use of colour is not sole means of conveying information
You will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.
You will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.
Structural and Technical Features
ARIA roles provided
You gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.
You gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.